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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Elsharkawy, Nadia Bassuoni Alruwaili, Abeer Nuwayfi Elsayed Ramadan, Osama Mohamed Alruwaili, Majed Mowanes Alhaiti, Ali Abdelaziz, Enas Mahrous |
| Abstract | Background Workplace violence (WPV) remains a formidable concern among nurses worldwide, with up to 60% in Saudi Arabia reportedly experiencing some form of aggression. In tertiary care hospitals, robust hierarchies and cultural norms intensify underreporting, thwarting evidence-based prevention and obscuring vital data. Aim This qualitative study investigated the perceived barriers to WPV reporting among nurses in tertiary care settings in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia, specifically addressing how organizational and cultural factors converge to discourage formal incident reporting. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was employed, guided by Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior and the Social Ecological Model. Thirty-six registered nurses, purposively sampled from three tertiary hospitals, participated in six semi-structured focus groups conducted in Arabic or English, depending on participant preference. Data were thematically analyzed in NVivo, with methodological rigor ensured through triangulation and inter-coder reliability. Results Three principal themes emerged: (1) Emotional and Psychological Barriers (78%), encompassing distress, anxiety, and fears of professional blame; (2) Organizational Ineffectiveness (65%), marked by convoluted reporting processes and perceived managerial indifference; and (3) Cultural and Hierarchical Influences (57%), reflecting deference to authority and normalization of violence. These themes illustrate how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control shaped by socio-cultural dynamics collectively contribute to persistent underreporting. Conclusions Mitigating WPV underreporting in Saudi tertiary care hospitals requires streamlined, user-friendly reporting channels, leadership accountability, and holistic psychosocial support. Implementing interprofessional education aimed at dismantling hierarchical imbalances can foster a zero-tolerance ethos toward violence. Longitudinal and comparative research should further examine evolving reporting behaviors to refine context-specific, culturally attuned strategies for addressing WPV. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| Related Links | https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12912-025-03039-3.pdf |
| Ending Page | 18 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 14726955 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12912-025-03039-3 |
| Journal | BMC Nursing |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 24 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2025-04-08 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Nursing Nursing Management Nursing Research Workplace violence Tertiary care Underreporting Hierarchical influences Qualitative descriptive Theory of planned behavior Social ecological model Saudi Arabia |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Nursing |
| Journal Impact Factor | 3.1/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 3.5/2023 |
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