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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Ejaz, Hasan Sultan, Mamoona Qamar, Muhammad Usman Junaid, Kashaf Rasool, Nasir Alanazi, Awadh Alruways, Mashael W. Mazhari, Bi Bi Zainab Alruwaili, Yasir Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas Younas, Sonia |
| Abstract | Background Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) poses a grave threat to public health due to increased mortality and morbidity caused by typhoid fever. Honey is a promising antibacterial agent, and we aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of honey against XDR S. Typhi. Methods We isolated 20 clinical isolates of XDR S. Typhi from pediatric septicemic patients and determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different antibiotics against the pathogens using the VITEK 2 Compact system. Antimicrobial-resistant genes carried by the isolates were identified using PCR. The antibacterial efficacy of five Pakistani honeys was examined using agar well diffusion assay, and their MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined with the broth microdilution method. Results All 20 isolates were confirmed as S. Typhi. The antibiogram phenotype was confirmed as XDR S. Typhi with resistance to ampicillin (≥ 32 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (≥ 4 µg/mL), and ceftriaxone (≥ 4 µg/mL) and sensitivity to azithromycin (≤ 16 µg/mL) and carbapenems (≤ 1 µg/mL). Molecular conformation revealed the presence of blaTM-1, Sul1, qnrS, gyrA, gyrB, and blaCTX-M-15 genes in all isolates. Among the five honeys, beri honey had the highest zone of inhibition of 7–15 mm and neem honey had a zone of inhibition of 7–12 mm. The MIC and MBC of beri honey against 3/20 (15%) XDR S. Typhi isolates were 3.125 and 6.25%, respectively, while the MIC and MBC of neem were 3.125 and 6.25%, respectively, against 3/20 (15%) isolates and 6.25 and 12.5%, respectively, against 7/20 (35%) isolates. Conclusion Indigenous honeys have an effective role in combating XDR S. Typhi. They are potential candidates for clinical trials as alternative therapeutic options against XDR S. Typhi isolates. |
| Related Links | https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12906-023-03870-8.pdf |
| Ending Page | 10 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 26627671 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12906-023-03870-8 |
| Journal | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 23 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2023-02-08 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Complementary & Alternative Medicine Internal Medicine Chiropractic Medicine Antimicrobial resistance Natural antibiotics XDR S. Typhi MIC Honey Resistance genes |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| Journal Impact Factor | 3.3/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 3.6/2023 |
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