NDLI: Early menopause is associated with higher disease activity independent of inflammation in postmenopausal-onset rheumatoid arthritis

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Ouyang, Zhi-Ming Zou, Yao-Wei Lu, Ye Pan, Jie Wu, Tao Jia, Pei-Wen Zheng, Hu-Wei Su, Yun Chen, Le-Feng Lin, Jian-Zi Yang, Kui-Min Lin, Pei-Yu Han, Jin-Yuan Ma, Jian-Da Dai, Lie
Abstract	Objective Early menopause (EM, age ≤ 45 years) is associated with an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to investigate its impact on disease characteristics in RA patients. Methods This cross-sectional study included natural post-menopausal RA patients from an observational RA cohort recruited between January 2015 and October 2023. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected. Patients were divided into EM and usual menopause (UM, menopause age > 45 years) groups. Patients-reported outcomes (PROs, included patient global assessment of disease activity [PtGA], pain visual analogue scale [VAS] and Stanford health assessment questionnaire disability index [HAQ-DI]), and PROs-associated indicators (included 28-joint tender joint count [TJC28] and provider global assessment of disease activity [PrGA]) were assessed. Results Among 1427 female RA patients, 557 natural post-menopausal RA patients were enrolled. The peak menopause age was between 46 and 50 years, with RA incidence peaking 5 years post-menopause. Compared with UM patients, RA patients with natural EM (n = 98,17.6%) exhibited more serious disease, including worse PROs and PROs-associated indicators, as well as higher C-reactive protein (CRP, all P < 0.05). Among 344 (61.8%) patients with RA onset after menopause, EM patients (n = 62, 18.0%) were characterized with worse PROs and PROs-associated indicators than those with UM patients (all P < 0.05), but no difference in inflammatory makers. Multivariate linear regression showed that menopause age was independently and negatively associated with PROs, including PtGA (β = -0.872, 95% CI -1.619, -0.125), HAQ-DI (β = -0.646, 95% CI -1.059, -0.233) in RA patients especially in those onset after menopause (PtGA [β = -1.028, 95% CI -2.022, -0.034]; HAQ-DI [β = -0.916, 95% CI -1.461, -0.370]). Conclusion Early menopause impacts on PROs independent of inflammation in patients with RA especially in those with postmenopausal-onset RA, which imply the importance of differentiation of non-inflammatory disease activity.
Related Links	https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12905-025-03670-x.pdf
Ending Page	10
Page Count	10
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14726874
DOI	10.1186/s12905-025-03670-x
Journal	BMC Women's Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	25
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2025-03-24
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Gynecology Maternal and Child Health Reproductive Medicine Rheumatoid arthritis Early menopause Postmenopausal Patient-reported outcomes
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Medicine
Journal Impact Factor	2.4/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	2.9/2023

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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