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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Hall, Erin M. Ravelo, Ana E. Aronoff, Stephen C. Del Vecchio, Michael T. |
| Abstract | Background Adolescent heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB), menorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding commonly occur in adolescent women. The differential diagnosis can be challenging. The pneumonic: PALM-COEIN (polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not yet classified), is commonly used but it does not stratify as to the likelihood of a disorder. We have sought to develop a probability-based differential diagnosis for Adolescent HMB, menorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases. Case series describing adolescents from 10–19 years of age with HMB, menorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding was acceptable if: more than 10 patients were included; editorials, case reports, and secondary sources such as review articles, or book chapters were excluded. No language filter was used, but an English abstract was required. The etiology of HMB, menorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding, and the country of origin was extracted from articles that met inclusion criteria. Cumulative rate estimates were determined by Bayesian probability modeling. Results Seventeen full text articles were reviewed in detail; 2,770 patients were included. The most frequent causes of HMB were Ovarian Uterine Disorders (23.7%; 95% CredI 22–25.5%), Coagulation Disorders (19.4%; 95% CredI 17.8—21.1%), and Platelet Disorders (6.23%; 95% CredI 5.27–7.27%) with 45.9% (95% CredI 43.8—47.%9) of the cases of indeterminate origin. Conclusions The leading causes of HMB in healthy adolescent females were varied. The sub-analysis identified distinct etiologies, suggesting that multiple factors must be considered in the evaluation of HMB. While PALM-COEIN (polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not yet classified) provides us with a comprehensive picture of the possible causes of HMB in females, this systematic review assigns probabilities to the etiologies of HMB in adolescent females, providing physicians with a more focused and efficient pathway to diagnosis. |
| Related Links | https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12905-024-02921-7.pdf |
| Ending Page | 6 |
| Page Count | 6 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 14726874 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12905-024-02921-7 |
| Journal | BMC Women's Health |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 24 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2024-02-20 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Gynecology Maternal and Child Health Reproductive Medicine Adolescents Menorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding Heavy menstrual bleeding Systematic review PALM-COEIN |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Medicine |
| Journal Impact Factor | 2.4/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 2.9/2023 |
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