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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Shamsi, Uzma Azam, Iqbal Shamsi, Azra Shamsi, Dua Callen, David |
| Abstract | Background Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a serious public health problem, even in sun-drenched cities like Karachi, Pakistan. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and lifestyle factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women (n = 784). Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured after the interviews. Results A total of 57% of women were vitamin D deficient with higher vitamin D deficiency found among premenopausal women (64.7%) compared to postmenopausal women (49%). The median serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (IQR) were 16.7 ng/ml (IQR 9.8–30.0). Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were lower socioeconomic status (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.15–3.48), younger age with highest vitamin D deficiency found in < 35 years of age group (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.76–5.51), and winter season (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.15) after adjusting for multiple confounders. The use of vitamin D supplement (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38–0.92) and vigorous exercise (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05–0.80) were protective against vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions The study shows a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, with detrimental health effects, among younger women belonging to lower socioeconomic status and during the winter season. The use of vitamin D supplements and vigorous exercise were protective measures. Public health campaigns are needed for education and awareness about vitamin D deficiency to improve vitamin D status for younger women living in poor environments. |
| Related Links | https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12905-021-01339-9.pdf |
| Ending Page | 8 |
| Page Count | 8 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 14726874 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12905-021-01339-9 |
| Journal | BMC Women's Health |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 21 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2021-05-10 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Gynecology Maternal and Child Health Reproductive Medicine Vitamin D deficiency Socioeconomic status Postmenopausal Premenopausal |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Medicine |
| Journal Impact Factor | 2.4/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 2.9/2023 |
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