NDLI: Anatomy and histomorphology of the flexor digitorum profundus enthesis: functional implications for tissue engineering and surgery

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Mortimer, Jeremy W. Alsaykhan, Hamad Vadibeler, Subashan Rust, Philippa A. Paxton, Jennifer Z.
Abstract	Background The enthesis possesses morphological adaptations across the soft-hard tissue junction which are not fully restored during surgical avulsion repairs. This loss of anatomical structure, highly related to function, contributes to poor clinical outcomes. Investigating the native macro- and micro-structure of a specific enthesis can provide functional and biomechanical insights to develop specialised, novel tissue-engineered therapeutic options and potentially improve current surgical treatments for avulsion injuries. Methods This study examines the anatomy and histomorphology of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) enthesis in 96 fresh-frozen human cadaveric fingers, quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing the shape, size, angle of tendon fibres and histological architecture, and explores differences in sex, finger and distance along the enthesis using linear mixed effects models. Results Macroscopically, results showed a consistent trapezoidal insertion shape of 29.29 ± 2.35 mm2 mean surface area, but with significant morphometric size differences influenced primarily by the smaller dimensions of the little finger. Microscopically, a fibrocartilaginous enthesis was apparent with a 30.05 ± 0.72o mean angle of inserting tendon fibres, although regional variation in fibrocartilage and the angle change of tendon fibres before insertion existed. Conclusions The implication of these findings on native and specific FDP enthesis function is discussed whilst providing recommendations for optimal FDP enthesis recreation for interfacial tissue engineers and hand surgeons. The study emphasizes the importance of region-specific knowledge whilst also describing methods applicable to assessing any soft tissue insertion.
Related Links	https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12891-021-04922-1.pdf
Ending Page	11
Page Count	11
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-021-04922-1
Journal	BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	22
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-12-10
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Orthopedics Rehabilitation Rheumatology Sports Medicine Internal Medicine Epidemiology Flexor digitorum profundus Enthesis Anatomy Histology Interfacial tissue engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rheumatology
Journal Impact Factor	2.2/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	2.6/2023

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Anatomy and histomorphology of the flexor digitorum profundus enthesis: functional implications for tissue engineering and surgery