NDLI: Routine binocular examination of young Taiwanese adults as a predictor of visual behavior performance

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Chen, Shyan-Tarng Su, Kuo-Chen Wang, Po-Hsin Zhong, Xiang-Yin Cheng, Ching-Ying
Abstract	Background Morgan and Scheiman’s Optometric Extension Program (OEP) expected binocular vision findings have longstanding use in optometry. With technological advances, the demands and standards of binocular function have changed. This study aimed to investigate which binocular visual functions can effectively predict visual behavior performance. Methods Participants aged 15–24 years were recruited from two colleges and two universities. After completing the CSMU-Visual Behavioral Performance questionnaire (CSMU-VBP, with four components: near work, visual perception, visual comfort, and whole-body balance), participants were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups based on questionnaire findings (cutoff: < 12 vs. ≥ 12 symptoms). Then a 24-step binocular visual examination was undertaken. Data were analyzed with one-sample, Student’s, and paired t-tests. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the predictors of binocular visual function required for near work, visual perception, visual comfort, and body balance dimensions. Results Among 308 participants, 43 (14%) and 265 (86%) were symptomatic and asymptomatic, respectively. Among the 46 participants with abnormal binocular vision, 36 (78%) reported that they had no obvious symptoms. The commonest dysfunctions were accommodative excess and convergence excess. Most of the binocular visual findings significantly diverged from traditional normal values: amplitude of accommodation, as well as base-in prism to break and recovery points at distance were higher than traditional normal values, whereas others were lower than traditional normal values. Total CSMU-VBP scores indicated that the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups had significant differences in DBO recovery (t = 2.334, p = 0.020) and BAF (t = 1.984, p = 0.048). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded the following binocular visual functional cutoff points: near work (DBO blur < 7, DBO recovery < 5.5), visual perception (MAF < 10.5, BAF < 10.25), visual comfort (DLP < − 2.25, DBI break > 11.5, NBI blur > 15, NBI break > 17.5, NBI recovery > 13, NPC < 5.75), and body balance (NFD_H > − 0.5, gradient AC/A [minus] > 2.25, NPC < 4.75). Conclusions The mean values of binocular visual function among young Taiwanese adults were statistically different from traditional normative values. Further research is required to confirm whether these findings reflect impaired binocular vision or stringent criteria. Assessments of binocular visual function, especially binocular accommodation sensitivity, are crucial in routine optometric examination.
Related Links	https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-022-02731-1.pdf
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712415
DOI	10.1186/s12886-022-02731-1
Journal	BMC Ophthalmology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2023-02-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Ophthalmology Binocular visual function Binocular accommodative examination Visual behavior performance
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ophthalmology
Journal Impact Factor	1.7/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	2/2023

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