NDLI: Prevalence and correlates of maternal early stimulation behaviors during pregnancy in northern Ghana: a cross-sectional survey

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Mackness, Jessica Gallis, John A. Owusu, Raymond Kofi Ali, Mohammed Abubakr-Bibilazu, Safiyatu Adam, Haliq Aborigo, Raymond Awoonor-Williams, John Koku Lillie, Margaret McEwan, Elena Hembling, John Vasudevan, Lavanya Baumgartner, Joy Noel
Abstract	Background Per UNICEF’s Nurturing Care Framework, early childhood development (ECD) begins during pregnancy and many lower-resource settings need data to inform their programs for optimal child development. The maternal-fetal relationship can be partly examined via a series of bonding activities called early stimulation behaviors (ESB). This study describes early stimulation behaviors and the associated correlates among pregnant women in Ghana. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from a cluster-randomized trial in two districts of Northern Ghana. A total of 374 pregnant women were enrolled at baseline and administered a pre-intervention survey. Communication-related early stimulation behaviors was the primary outcome which was evaluated using three maternal-fetal bonding activities; did the woman self-report touching and/or talking, singing, and/or talking about family to her belly. A generalized estimating equation modified Poisson model was used for the bivariate and multivariable analysis. Results About half of the participants reported performing communication-related ESB during pregnancy frequently or sometimes. Bivariate analysis revealed that negative life experiences including higher rates of emotional, physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and having moderate to severe depressive symptoms were associated with women performing early stimulation behaviors more often. In the multivariable model, physical intimate partner violence remained significantly associated with early stimulation behaviors. Conclusion Research on early stimulation behaviors is still in a nascent phase. It is unclear why our results revealed an association between intimate partner violence and early stimulation behaviors; this could reflect a coping mechanism for the expectant mother. Further research is needed to better understand this association and explore potential long-term impacts of early stimulation behaviors during pregnancy on child development. Trial registration Clinical Trials # NCT03665246 , August 29, 2018.
Related Links	https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12884-020-03476-9.pdf
Ending Page	9
Page Count	9
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712393
DOI	10.1186/s12884-020-03476-9
Journal	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	21
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-01-04
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Reproductive Medicine Maternal and Child Health Gynecology Early stimulation behaviors Early childhood development Maternal-fetal attachment Intimate partner violence Pregnancy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Obstetrics and Gynecology
Journal Impact Factor	2.8/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	3.4/2023

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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