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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Clark, Nicholas J. Soares Magalhães, Ricardo J. |
| Abstract | Background Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. This bacterium survives harsh conditions and attaches to dust, suggesting environmental dispersal is a risk factor for outbreaks. Spatial epidemiology studies collating evidence on Q fever geographical contamination gradients are needed, as human cases without occupational exposure are increasing worldwide. Methods We used a systematic literature search to assess the role of distance from ruminant holdings as a risk factor for human Q fever outbreaks. We also collated evidence for other putative drivers of C. burnetii geographical dispersal. Results In all documented outbreaks, infective sheep or goats, not cattle, was the likely source. Evidence suggests a prominent role of airborne dispersal; Coxiella burnetii travels up to 18 km on gale force winds. In rural areas, highest infection risk occurs within 5 km of sources. Urban outbreaks generally occur over smaller distances, though evidence on attack rate gradients is limited. Wind speed / direction, spreading of animal products, and stocking density may all contribute to C. burnetii environmental gradients. Conclusions Q fever environmental gradients depend on urbanization level, ruminant species, stocking density and wind speed. While more research is needed, evidence suggests that residential exclusion zones around holdings may be inadequate to contain this zoonotic disease, and should be species-specific. |
| Related Links | https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12879-018-3135-4.pdf |
| Ending Page | 9 |
| Page Count | 9 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 14712334 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12879-018-3135-4 |
| Journal | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2018-05-15 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Infectious Diseases Parasitology Medical Microbiology Tropical Medicine Internal Medicine Coxiella burnetii Airborne dispersal Geographical contamination gradient Spatial epidemiology Q fever Zoonotic disease |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Infectious Diseases |
| Journal Impact Factor | 3.4/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 3.3/2023 |
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