NDLI: Reliable wolf-dog hybrid detection in Europe using a reduced SNP panel developed for non-invasively collected samples

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Harmoinen, Jenni von Thaden, Alina Aspi, Jouni Kvist, Laura Cocchiararo, Berardino Jarausch, Anne Gazzola, Andrea Sin, Teodora Lohi, Hannes Hytönen, Marjo K. Kojola, Ilpo Stronen, Astrid Vik Caniglia, Romolo Mattucci, Federica Galaverni, Marco Godinho, Raquel Ruiz-González, Aritz Randi, Ettore Muñoz-Fuentes, Violeta Nowak, Carsten
Abstract	Background Understanding the processes that lead to hybridization of wolves and dogs is of scientific and management importance, particularly over large geographical scales, as wolves can disperse great distances. However, a method to efficiently detect hybrids in routine wolf monitoring is lacking. Microsatellites offer only limited resolution due to the low number of markers showing distinctive allele frequencies between wolves and dogs. Moreover, calibration across laboratories is time-consuming and costly. In this study, we selected a panel of 96 ancestry informative markers for wolves and dogs, derived from the Illumina CanineHD Whole-Genome BeadChip (174 K). We designed very short amplicons for genotyping on a microfluidic array, thus making the method suitable also for non-invasively collected samples. Results Genotypes based on 93 SNPs from wolves sampled throughout Europe, purebred and non-pedigree dogs, and suspected hybrids showed that the new panel accurately identifies parental individuals, first-generation hybrids and first-generation backcrosses to wolves, while second- and third-generation backcrosses to wolves were identified as advanced hybrids in almost all cases. Our results support the hybrid identity of suspect individuals and the non-hybrid status of individuals regarded as wolves. We also show the adequacy of these markers to assess hybridization at a European-wide scale and the importance of including samples from reference populations. Conclusions We showed that the proposed SNP panel is an efficient tool for detecting hybrids up to the third-generation backcrosses to wolves across Europe. Notably, the proposed genotyping method is suitable for a variety of samples, including non-invasive and museum samples, making this panel useful for wolf-dog hybrid assessments and wolf monitoring at both continental and different temporal scales.
Related Links	https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5.pdf
Ending Page	15
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14712164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-021-07761-5
Journal	BMC Genomics
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	22
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2021-06-25
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Life Sciences Microarrays Proteomics Animal Genetics and Genomics Microbial Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics and Genomics Canis lupus Canis lupus familiaris Hybridization SNP genotyping Non-invasive sampling Museum samples
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biotechnology Genetics
Journal Impact Factor	3.5/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.1/2023

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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