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| Content Provider | Springer Nature : BioMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Zuo, Xiya Wang, Shixiang Xiang, Wen Yang, Huiru Tahir, Muhammad Mobeen Zheng, Shangong An, Na Han, Mingyu Zhao, Caiping Zhang, Dong |
| Abstract | Background Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a popular cultivated fruit crop with high economic value in China. Apple floral transition is an important process but liable to be affected by various environmental factors. The 14–3-3 proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, and some 14–3-3 members play vital roles in flowering. However, little information was available about the 14–3-3 members in apple. Results In the current study, we identified eighteen 14–3-3 gene family members from the apple genome database, designated MdGF14a to MdGF14r. The isoforms possess a conserved core region comprising nine antiparallel α-helices and divergent N and C termini. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, Md14–3-3 proteins could be classified into two major evolutionary branches, the epsilon (ɛ) group and the non-epsilon (non-ɛ) group. Moreover, expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed diverse expression patterns of Md14–3-3 genes in various tissues and in response to different sugars and hormone treatments during the floral transition phase. Four Md14–3-3 isoforms (MdGF14a, MdGF14d, MdGF14i, and MdGF14j) exhibiting prominent transcriptional responses to sugars and hormones were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that the four Md14–3-3 proteins interact with key floral integrators, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER1) and MdFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T). Subcellular localization of four selected Md14–3-3 proteins demonstrated their localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Conclusion We identified the Md14–3-3 s family in apple comprehensively. Certain Md14–3-3 genes are expressed predominantly during the apple floral transition stage, and may participate in the regulation of flowering through association with flower control genes. Our results provide a preliminary framework for further investigation into the roles of Md14–3-3 s in floral transition. |
| Related Links | https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-020-07330-2.pdf |
| Ending Page | 17 |
| Page Count | 17 |
| Starting Page | 1 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 14712164 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12864-020-07330-2 |
| Journal | BMC Genomics |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 22 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | BioMed Central |
| Publisher Date | 2021-01-08 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Life Sciences Microarrays Proteomics Animal Genetics and Genomics Microbial Genetics and Genomics Plant Genetics and Genomics Apple 14–3-3 s Genome-wide TFL1 FT Floral transition |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Biotechnology Genetics |
| Journal Impact Factor | 3.5/2023 |
| 5-Year Journal Impact Factor | 4.1/2023 |
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