NDLI: A supervised land cover classification of a western Kenya lowland endemic for human malaria: associations of land cover with larval Anopheles habitats

Content Provider	Springer Nature : BioMed Central
Author	Mutuku, FM Bayoh, MN Hightower, AW Vulule, JM Gimnig, JE Mueke, JM Amimo, FA Walker, ED
Abstract	Background A supervised land cover classification was developed from very high resolution IKONOS satellite data and extensive ground truth sampling of a ca. 10 sq km malaria-endemic lowland in western Kenya. The classification was then applied to an investigation of distribution of larval Anopheles habitats. The hypothesis was that the distribution and abundance of aquatic habitats of larvae of various species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles is associated with identifiable landscape features. Results and discussion The classification resulted in 7 distinguishable land cover types, each with a distinguishable vegetation pattern, was highly accurate (89%, Kappa statistic = 0.86), and had a low rate of omission and commission errors. A total of 1,198 habitats and 19,776 Anopheles larvae of 9 species were quantified in samples from a rainy season, and 184 habitats and 582 larvae from a dry season. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the dominant species complex (51% of total) and A. arabiensis the dominant species. Agricultural land covers (mature maize fields, newly cultivated fields, and pastured grasslands) were positively associated with presence of larval habitats, and were located relatively close to stream channels; whilst nonagricultural land covers (short shrubs, medium shrubs, tall shrubs, and bare soil around residences) were negatively associated with presence of larval habitats and were more distant from stream channels. Number of larval habitats declined exponentially with distance from streams. IKONOS imagery was not useful in direct detection of larval habitats because they were small and turbid (resembling bare soil), but was useful in localization of them through statistical associations with specific land covers. Conclusion A supervised classification of land cover types in rural, lowland, western Kenya revealed a largely human-modified and fragmented landscape consisting of agricultural and domestic land uses. Within it, larval habitats of Anopheles vectors of human malaria were associated with certain land cover types, of largely agricultural origin, and close to streams. Knowledge of these associations can inform malaria control to gather information on potential larval habitats more efficiently than by field survey and can do so over large areas.
Related Links	https://ij-healthgeographics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1476-072X-8-19.pdf
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
Starting Page	1
File Format	HTM / HTML
DOI	10.1186/1476-072X-8-19
Journal	International Journal of Health Geographics
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2009-04-16
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Public Health Health Informatics Human Geography Epidemiology Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Medical Geography Land Cover Land Cover Type Bare Land Land Cover Class Larval Habitat
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Business, Management and Accounting
Journal Impact Factor	3/2023
5-Year Journal Impact Factor	4.1/2023

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