NDLI: Floral biology and breeding system of Bauhinia forficata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a moth-pollinated tree in southeastern Brazil

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Floral biology and breeding system of Bauhinia forficata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a moth-pollinated tree in southeastern Brazil

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Neto, Hipólito Ferreira Paulino
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Floral biology and breeding system of Bauhinia forficata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a moth-pollinated tree in southeastern Brazil. Bauhinia trees have a wide variety of pollination and breeding systems that are affected by geographic distribution. Bauhinia species with nocturnal anthesis are usually chiropterophilous and/or sphingophilous. B. forficata Link has floral features that are typical of the sphingophilous condition and this report describes the floral biology, pollination, and breeding system of a population of this species in a small fragment of semideciduous forest in southeastern Brazil. Flowers lasted 18 h, anthesis started at dusk, and pollen release and nectar production occurred at 8:00 and 10:00 pm, respectively. Flowers were protandrous and the stigma became receptive around 11:00 pm with the bisexual phase ending at 12:00 am. Nectar was produced continuously; the mean total nectar volume/flower was 15.11 μL and the mean total nectar concentration was 25.9 %. B. forficata is a strictly sphingophilous species that is pollinated exclusively by Manduca sexta L., the body morphology and behavior of which favor pollen transfer. Visitation by the bees Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier and Xylocopa brasilianorum L. (Apidae) occurred in the morning, but these species were considered occasional and not legitimate pollinators. Despite the geographic distance separating the Brazilian B. forficata from the Venezuelan B. aculeata, both species show very convergent pollination systems but differs in their faunal composition. B. forficata is homomorphic and predominantly self-incompatible; cross-pollination produces twice as much fruit as natural open pollinations, indicating a pollen limitation and relative inefficiency of the pollinator, the latter effect may reflect habitat disturbance that favors geitonogamous pollination and decreases the efficiency of pollination. More studies are necessary to investigate the relationship between habitat disturbance and geographic distribution on the pollination and breeding systems of Bauhinia species.Biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo de Bauhinia forficata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), uma planta polinizada por mariposas no sudeste do Brasil. Bauhinia apresenta uma ampla variedade de sistemas de polinização e reprodução que são afetados pela distribuição geográfica. Espécies de Bauhinia com antese noturna são geralmente quiropterófilas e/ou esfingófilas. B. forficata Link. Possui atributos florais típicos de esfingofilia e este estudo descreve a biologia floral, polinização e sistema reprodutivo de uma população desta espécie em um pequeno fragmento de floresta semidecídua no sudeste do Brasil. Flores duraram 18 h, antese iniciou no entardecer, e liberação de pólen e produção de néctar ocorreu às 20:00 a 22:00 h, respectivamente. Flores são protândricas e estigma torna-se receptivo por volta de 23:00 h, com a fase bissexual terminando às 12:00 h do dia seguinte. Néctar foi produzido continuamente; a média do volume total de néctar foi de 15,11 μL e concentração média de 25,9 %. B. forficata é uma espécie estritamente esfingófila que é polinizada exclusivamente por Manduca sexta L., cuja morfologia corporal e comportamento favorecem a transferência de pólen. Visitação pelas abelhas Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier e Xylocopa brasilianorum L. (Apidae) ocorreram pela manhã, mas estas espécies foram consideradas ocasionais e não legítimos polinizadores. Apesar da distância geográfica separando a B. forficata brasileira da B. aculeata venezuelana, ambas espécies apresentaram sistemas de polinização convergentes mas diferindo quanto as espécies que compõem suas faunas. B. forficata é homomórfica e predominantemente autoincompatível; polinizações cruzadas produz o dobro de frutos que as polinizações naturais, indicando uma limitação polínica e relativa ineficácia do polinizador, talvez reflexo da destruição de habitat que favorece polinizações geitonogâmicas e reduzem a eficiência do polinizador. Estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar a relação entre destruição de habitat e distribuição geográfica sobre os sistemas de polinização e reprodução de espécies de Bauhinia.
Starting Page	55
Ending Page	64
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01008404
Journal	Brazilian Journal of Botany
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	18069959
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing AG
Publisher Date	2013-04-30
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Sphingophily Moth-pollination Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Gametophitic self-incompatibility Bauhinia forficata Pollination
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science

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