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Effects of water salinity and N application rate on water- and N-use efficiency of cotton under drip irrigation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ru, SiBo Ma, LiJuan Min, Wei Ye, Jun Zhang, Wen Hou, ZhenAn
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	In arid and semi-arid regions, freshwater scarcity and high water salinity are serious and chronic problems for crop production and sustainable agriculture development. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity and nitrogen (N) application rate on soil salinity and cotton yield under drip irrigation during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The experimental design was a 3×4 factorial with three irrigation water salinity levels (0.35, 4.61 and 8.04 dS/m) and four N application rates (0, 240, 360 and 480 kg N/hm$^{2}$). Results showed that soil water content increased as the salinity of the irrigation water increased, but decreased as the N application rate increased. Soil salinity increased as the salinity of the irrigation water increased. Specifically, soil salinity measured in 1:5 soil:water extracts was 218% higher in the 4.61 dS/m treatment and 347% higher in the 8.04 dS/m treatment than in the 0.35 dS/m treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer application had relatively little effect on soil salinity, increasing salinity by only 3%–9% compared with the unfertilized treatment. Cotton biomass, cotton yield and evapotranspiration (ET) decreased significantly in both years as the salinity of irrigation water increased, and increased as the N application rate increased regardless of irrigation water salinity; however, the positive effects of N application were reduced when the salinity of the irrigation water was 8.04 dS/m. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly higher by 11% in the 0.35 dS/m treatment than in the 8.04 dS/m treatment. There was no significant difference in WUE between the 0.35 dS/m treatment and the 4.61 dS/m treatment. The WUE was also significantly affected by the N application rate. The WUE was highest in the 480 kg N/hm$^{2}$ treatment, being 31% higher than that in the 0 kg N/hm$^{2}$ treatment and 12% higher than that in the 240 kg N/hm$^{2}$ treatment. There was no significant difference between the 360 and 480 kg N/hm$^{2}$ treatments. The N use efficiency (NUE) was significantly lower in the 8.04 dS/m treatment than in either the 4.61 dS/m or the 0.35 dS/m treatment. There was no significant difference in NUE between the latter two treatments. These results suggest that irrigation water with salinity <4.61 dS/m does not have an obvious negative effect on cotton production, WUE or NUE under the experimental conditions. Application of N fertilizer (0–360 kg N/hm$^{2}$) could alleviate salt damage, promote cotton growth, and increase both cotton yield and water use efficiency.
Starting Page	454
Ending Page	467
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	16746767
Journal	Journal of Arid Land
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	21947783
Language	English
Publisher	Science Press
Publisher Date	2013-11-27
Publisher Place	Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	water use efficiency nitrogen use efficiency nitrogen Sustainable Development saline water Physical Geography cotton soil salinity Plant Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth-Surface Processes Water Science and Technology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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