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Understanding the impact of mountain landscapes on water balance in the upper Heihe River watershed in northwestern China

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ding, YongJian Gao, MingJie Wang, ShengXia Qin, Jia Zhao, ChuanCheng Wu, JinKui Li, Man Ye, BaiSheng Yi, ShuHua
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Estimating the impact of mountain landscape on hydrology or water balance is essential for the sustainable development strategies of water resources. Specifically, understanding how the change of each landscape influences hydrological components will greatly improve the predictability of hydrological responses to mountain landscape changes and thus can help the government make sounder decisions. In the paper, we used the VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) model to conduct hydrological modeling in the upper Heihe River watershed, along with a frozen-soil module and a glacier melting module to improve the simulation. The improved model performed satisfactorily. We concluded that there are differences in the runoff generation of mountain landscape both in space and time. About 50% of the total runoff at the catchment outlet were generated in mid-mountain zone (2,900–4,000 m asl), and water was mainly consumed in low mountain region (1,700–2,900 m asl) because of the higher requirements of trees and grasses. The runoff coefficient was 0.37 in the upper Heihe River watershed. Barren landscape produced the largest runoff yields (52.46% of the total runoff) in the upper Heihe River watershed, followed by grassland (34.15%), shrub (9.02%), glacier (3.57%), and forest (0.49%). In order to simulate the impact of landscape change on hydrological components, three landscape change scenarios were designed in the study. Scenario 1, 2 and 3 were to convert all shady slope landscapes at 2,000–3,300 m, 2,000–3,700 m, and 2,000–4,000 m asl respectively to forest lands, with forest coverage rate increased to 12.4%, 28.5% and 42.0%, respectively. The runoff at the catchment outlet correspondingly declined by 3.5%, 13.1% and 24.2% under the three scenarios. The forest landscape is very important in water conservation as it reduced the flood peak and increased the base flow. The mountains as “water towers” play important roles in water resources generation and the impact of mountain landscapes on hydrology is significant.
Starting Page	366
Ending Page	383
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	16746767
Journal	Journal of Arid Land
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-04-27
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	runoff modeling Sustainable Development Physical Geography mountain landscape water balance VIC model Heihe River watershed Plant Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth-Surface Processes Water Science and Technology Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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Assessment of wetland fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River by the type change tracker model

Comparison of different models for annual hydrological cycle and calculated estimates of the monthly runoff from the catchment

Understanding the impact of mountain landscapes on water balance in the upper Heihe River watershed in northwestern China

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