NDLI: Efficient use of energy through organic rice

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pirdashti, Hemmatollah Pirdashti, Mohsen Mohammadi, Mahmood Baigi, Mohammad Gharavi Movagharnejad, Kamyar
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Industrial agriculture is not efficient anymore due in particular to the use of nonrenewable energy such as fossil fuels. Organic agriculture is an alternative system that aims to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers. Animal–crop systems present potential mutual benefits, but such systems have been rarely studied quantitatively. Here, we compare energy inputs and outputs of organic rice–duck farming with conventional rice production in Mazandaran province, Iran. Our results show that the global energy input of organic rice–duck, 79,307 MJ ha$^{−1}$, is lower than that of conventional rice, 94,377 MJ ha$^{−1}$. On the contrary, the energy output of organic rice–duck, 117,325 MJ ha$^{−1}$, is higher than that of conventional rice, 111,914 MJ ha$^{−1}$. The most used energy was fuel, amounting to 40 % of total energy for organic rice–duck and 33 % for conventional rice. Then, machinery consumed 25 % of total energy for organic rice–duck and 20 % for conventional rice. Then, fertilizers consumed 20 % of total energy in the form of organic fertilizers for organic rice–duck versus 16 % in the form of mineral fertilizers for conventional rice. Overall, our findings show that organic rice–duck farming has more energy efficiency than conventional rice farming.
Starting Page	1489
Ending Page	1497
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	17740746
Journal	Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Volume Number	35
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	17730155
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Paris
Publisher Date	2015-07-08
Publisher Institution	Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Publisher Place	Paris
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Renewable energy Rice Rice–duck Sustainable agriculture Mutualism Agriculture Soil Science & Conservation Sustainable Development
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Engineering Agronomy and Crop Science

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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