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Are multiple-trial experiments appropriate for eyewitness identification studies? Accuracy, choosing, and confidence across trials

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Are multiple-trial experiments appropriate for eyewitness identification studies? Accuracy, choosing, and confidence across trials

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mansour, J. K. Beaudry, J. L. Lindsay, R. C. L.
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Eyewitness identification experiments typically involve a single trial: A participant views an event and subsequently makes a lineup decision. As compared to this single-trial paradigm, multiple-trial designs are more efficient, but significantly reduce ecological validity and may affect the strategies that participants use to make lineup decisions. We examined the effects of a number of forensically relevant variables (i.e., memory strength, type of disguise, degree of disguise, and lineup type) on eyewitness accuracy, choosing, and confidence across 12 target-present and 12 target-absent lineup trials (N = 349; 8,376 lineup decisions). The rates of correct rejections and choosing (across both target-present and target-absent lineups) did not vary across the 24 trials, as reflected by main effects or interactions with trial number. Trial number had a significant but trivial quadratic effect on correct identifications (OR = 0.99) and interacted significantly, but again trivially, with disguise type (OR = 1.00). Trial number did not significantly influence participants’ confidence in correct identifications, confidence in correct rejections, or confidence in target-absent selections. Thus, multiple-trial designs appear to have minimal effects on eyewitness accuracy, choosing, and confidence. Researchers should thus consider using multiple-trial designs for conducting eyewitness identification experiments.
Starting Page	2235
Ending Page	2254
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07433808
Journal	Behavior Research Methods
Volume Number	49
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15543528
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2017-04-21
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Eyewitness identification Simultaneous and sequential lineups Multiple trials Multilevel modelling Eyewitness confidence Cognitive Psychology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Experimental and Cognitive Psychology 3200/3201 Psychology

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