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Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience : Volume 16, Issue 1, February 2016

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Distracted by danger: Temporal and spatial dynamics of visual selection in the presence of threat

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mulckhuyse, Manon Dalmaijer, Edwin S.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Threatening stimuli are known to influence attentional and visual processes in order to prioritize selection. For example, previous research showed faster detection of threatening relative to nonthreatening stimuli. This has led to the proposal that threatening stimuli are prioritized automatically via a rapid subcortical route. However, in most studies, the threatening stimulus is always to some extent task relevant. Therefore, it is still unclear if threatening stimuli are automatically prioritized by the visual system. We used the additional singleton paradigm with task-irrelevant fear-conditioned distractors (CS+ and CS-) and indexed the time course of eye movement behavior. The results demonstrate automatic prioritization of threat. First, mean latency of saccades directed to the neutral target was increased in the presence of a threatening (CS+) relative to a nonthreatening distractor (CS-), indicating exogenous attentional capture and delayed disengagement of covert attention. Second, more error saccades were directed to the threatening than to the nonthreatening distractor, indicating a modulation of automatically driven saccades. Nevertheless, cumulative distributions of the saccade latencies showed no modulation of threat for the fastest goal-driven saccades, and threat did not affect the latency of the error saccades to the distractors. Together these results suggest that threatening stimuli are automatically prioritized in attentional and visual selection but not via faster processing. Rather, we suggest that prioritization results from an enhanced representation of the threatening stimulus in the oculomotor system, which drives attentional and visual selection. The current findings are interpreted in terms of a neurobiological model of saccade programming.
Starting Page	315
Ending Page	324
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15307026
Journal	Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1531135X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-11-06
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Attention Emotion Eye movement Oculomotor system Fear conditioning Cognitive Psychology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cognitive Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience

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