NDLI: Winter climate, age, and population density affect the timing of conception in female moose (Alces alces)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Veeroja, Rauno Kirk, Anne Tilgar, Vallo Tõnisson, Jüri
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Phenological events such as conception or parturition dates may have profound impact on several key life-history traits of ungulates at the individual as well as the population level. However, relatively little is known about the causes of variation in the timing of reproduction. Based on a 17-year survey of reproductive tracts, we investigated the effect of climate, population density, and age on the conception date of female moose (Alces alces) harvested in Estonia. Ninety-five percent of studied moose cows were conceived within a period of 9 weeks (29 August–30 October), while more than 45 % of all moose cows were conceived from 19 September to 2 October. Conception date was negatively related to population density and nonlinearly to the regional measure of winter climate reflecting the maximal extent of ice on the Baltic Sea (MIE) in the previous winter. High air temperatures during rut (in September) delayed the conception date. The timing of conception also depended on female age. Yearlings conceived significantly later as compared to females of all other age groups. Our findings corroborate the importance of density-dependent as well density-independent processes on the timing of conception of this ungulate. We also propose that the effect of population density on conception date may be mediated by increasing ecological carrying capacity concurrent with increasing population abundance.
Starting Page	349
Ending Page	357
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00017051
Journal	Acta Theriologica
Volume Number	58
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	21903743
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2012-10-02
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Alces alces Rut MIE Age Estonia Zoology Animal Physiology Behavioural Sciences Animal Ecology Evolutionary Biology Animal Anatomy Morphology Histology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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