NDLI: Local gravitational physics of the Hubble expansion : Einstein’s equivalence principle in cosmology

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kopeikin, Sergei M.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	We study physical consequences of the Hubble expansion of Friedmann-Lemaıtre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) manifold on measurement of space, time and light propagation in the local inertial frame. We use the results of this study to analyse the Solar System radar ranging and Doppler tracking experiments and time synchronization. FLRW manifold is covered by the coordinates (t, y $^{ i }$), where t is the cosmic time coinciding with the proper time of the Hubble observers and identified with the barycentric coordinate time (TCB) used in ephemeris astronomy. We introduce the local inertial coordinates x $^{ α }$ = (x $^{0}$, x $^{ i }$) in the vicinity of a world line of a Hubble observer with the help of a special conformal transformation that respects the local equivalence between the tangent and FLRW manifold. The local inertial metric is Minkowski flat and is materialized by the congruence of time-like geodesics of static observers being at rest with respect to the local spatial coordinates x $^{ i }$. The static observers are equipped with the ideal clocks measuring their own proper time which is synchronized with the cosmic time t measured by the Hubble observer. We consider the geodesic motion of test particles and notice that the local coordinate time x $^{0}$ = x $^{0}$(t) taken as a parameter along the world line of the particle, is a function of Hubble’s observer time t. This function changes smoothly from x $^{0}$ = t for a particle at rest (observer’s clock), to x $^{0}$ = t + (1/2)Ht $^{2}$ for photons, where H is the Hubble constant. Thus, the motion of a test particle is non-uniform when its world line is parametrized by the cosmic time t. NASA JPL Orbit Determination Program operates under the assumption that the spacetime is asymptotically flat which presumes that the motion of light (after the Shapiro delay is excluded) is uniform with respect to the time t but it does not comply with the non-uniform motion of light on cosmological manifold. For this reason, the motion of light in the Solar System analysed with the Orbit Determination Program appears as having a systematic blue shift of frequency, of radio waves circulating in the Earth-spacecraft radio link. The magnitude of the anomalous blue shift of frequency is proportional to the Hubble constant H that may open an access to the measurement of this fundamental cosmological parameter in the Solar System radiowave experiments.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	13
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
Journal	The European Physical Journal Plus
Volume Number	130
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	21905444
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-01-27
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Applied and Technical Physics Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity Condensed Matter Physics Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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