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Connections between different types of El Niño and Southern/Northern Oscillation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Peng, Jingbei Zhang, Qingyun Chen, Lieting
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	It has long been acknowledged that there are two types of El Niño events, i.e., the eastern Pacific El Niño (EE) and the central Pacific El Niño (CE), according to the initial position of the anomalous warm water and its propagation direction. In this paper, the oceanic and atmospheric evolutions and the possible mechanisms of the two types of El Niño events were examined. It is found that all the El Niño events, CE or EE, could be attributed to the joint impacts of the eastward advection of warm water from the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) and the local warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Before the occurrence of CE events, WPWP had long been in a state of being anomalous warm, so the strength of eastward advection of warm water was much stronger than that of EE, which played a major role in the formation of CE. While for the EE events, most contribution came from the local warming of the equatorial eastern Pacific. It is further identified that the immediate cause leading to the difference of the two types of El Niño events was the asynchronous variations of the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the Northern Oscillation (NO) as defined by Chen in 1984. When the transition from the positive phase of the NO (NO$^{+}$) to NO$^{−}$ was prior to that from SO$^{+}$ to SO$^{−}$, there would be eastward propagation of westerly anomalies from the tropical western Pacific induced by NO and hence the growth of warm sea surface temperature anomalies in WPWP and its eastward propagation. This was followed by lagged SO-induced weakening of southeast trade winds and local warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific. These were conducive to the occurrence of the CE. On the contrary, the transition from SO$^{+}$ to SO$^{−}$ leading the transition of NO would favor the occurrence of EE type events.
Starting Page	506
Ending Page	516
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08940525
Journal	Journal of Meteorological Research
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	21914788
Language	English
Publisher	The Chinese Meteorological Society
Publisher Date	2011-10-12
Publisher Place	Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	eastern Pacific El Niño central Pacific El Niño Southern Oscillation Northern Oscillation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ocean Engineering Atmospheric Science

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Two types of El Niño-related Southern Oscillation and their different impacts on global land precipitation

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Impacts of two types of El Niño on the MJO during boreal winter

A plausible reason for changes in El Niño parameters in the 2000s

Different impact of central Pacific and eastern Pacific El Niño on the duration of sudden stratospheric warming

Simulation of two types of El Niño from different convective parameters

Contrasting the evolution between two types of El Niño in a data assimilation model

Mean flow-storm track relationship and Rossby wave breaking in two types of El-Niño

Connections between different types of El Niño and Southern/Northern Oscillation

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