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  1. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research
  2. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7
  3. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 4, June 2017
  4. Genetics of aging and longevity
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Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 7, November 2017
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 6, September 2017
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 5, July 2017
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 4, June 2017
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Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2017
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Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2017
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 6
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Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 3
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 2
Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research : Volume 1

Genetics of aging and longevity

Content Provider Springer Nature Link
Author Moskalev, A. A. Proshkina, E. N. Belyi, A. A. Solovyev, I. A.
Copyright Year 2017
Abstract Lifespan is a complex quantitative trait, which makes a significant contribution to Darwinian fitness. The understanding of the genetic structure of longevity is a fundamental problem of the evolution of ontogeny, evolutionary genetics, and molecular gerontology. Under optimal conditions, lifespan is determined by the aging rate. Aging is made up of interrelated processes that occur at the organismal, tissue, cellular, molecular, and genetic levels. The disturbances touch homeostasis maintenance, metabolic reactions, and transduction of intra and intercellular signals. Its other consequences are the accumulation of senescent cells, damaged organelles, and macromolecules; epigenetic changes; and genetic instability. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the major genetic determinants of longevity and aging. It considers genes and signaling pathways that regulate stress response, metabolism, the growth of cells and the body, preservation of genome and proteome integrity, qualitative and quantitative mitochondrion composition, inflammatory response, apoptosis, selection of viable cells, and circadian rhythms. The redistribution of energy resources from one pathway to another can induce or inhibit the “longevity program,” improving stress resistance and slowing down senescence. Approaches to slowing aging and achieving healthy longevity are outlined based on the analysis of the geroprotective potential of the regulation of the examined genes. These trends include heterochromatin recovery; retrotransposition suppression; aneuploidy elimination; restoration of lysosome acidity; telomere extension; suppression of chronic inflammation; elimination of protein crosslinks; elimination of senescent cells; recovery of NAD$^{+}$ levels; inhibition of mTOR, S6K, TGFβ, and AT1; and controlled activation of the longevity program genes FOXO, AMPK, PGC1α, and NRF2.
Starting Page 369
Ending Page 384
Page Count 16
File Format PDF
ISSN 20790597
Journal Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research
Volume Number 7
Issue Number 4
e-ISSN 20790600
Language English
Publisher Pleiades Publishing
Publisher Date 2017-06-18
Publisher Place Moscow
Access Restriction Subscribed
Subject Keyword lifespan aging longevity genes longevity program Human Genetics
Content Type Text
Resource Type Article
Subject Genetics Animal Science and Zoology Agronomy and Crop Science
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