NDLI: Novel Neuroinflammatory Targets in the Chronically Injured Spinal Cord

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pajoohesh Ganji, Ahdeah Byrnes, Kimberly R.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Injury to the spinal cord is known to result in inflammation. To date, the preponderance of research has focused on the acute neuroinflammatory response, which begins immediately and is believed to terminate within hours to (at most) days after the injury. However, recent studies have demonstrated that postinjury inflammation is not restricted to the first few hours or days after injury, but can last for months to years after a spinal cord injury (SCI). These chronic studies have revealed that increased numbers of inflammatory cells, such as microglia and macrophages, and inflammatory factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and enzyme products are found at markedly delayed times after injury. Here we review experimental work on a selection of the novel inflammatory factors observed chronically after SCI, including the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) oxidase enzyme and galectin-3. We will discuss the role of these proteins in inflammation with regard to both detrimental and beneficial effects of neuroinflammation after injury. Finally, the potential of these proteins to serve as therapeutic targets will be considered, and a novel therapeutic approach (i.e., the agonist for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [mGluR5], [RS]-2-Chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine [CHPG]) will be discussed. This review will demonstrate the expression and activity profiles, roles in potentiation of injury, and therapy studies of these inflammatory factors suggest that not only are these chronically expressed factors viable targets for SCI treatment, but that the therapeutic window is broader than has previously been thought.
Starting Page	195
Ending Page	205
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19337213
Journal	NeuroRX
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	18787479
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-03-11
Publisher Institution	American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Galectin-3 inflammation metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 microglia NADPH oxidase Neurobiology Neurosurgery Neurology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neurology (clinical) Pharmacology Pharmacology (medical)

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