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How do infants and toddlers learn the rules? Family discipline and young children

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Smith, Anne B.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	This paper examines the issue of how under three year-olds learn the rules of appropriate behaviour in the light of sociocultural, attachment, social learning, ecological theory and sociology of childhood theories. Discipline involves teaching children how to behave acceptably in their family and society, while physical punishment is the use of pain for the purpose of correcting children’s behaviour. Research suggests that physical punishment is not necessarily effective in causing compliance, and that the long-term effects of punishment include aggression, poorer intellectual performance, diminished attachment to parents, anxiety, depression, and impaired conscience development. Effective discipline includes a positive, firm and demanding style of parenting; warm and reciprocal parent-child relationships; clear communication with children and reasonable expectations; use of reasoning and explanation; firm, consistent and fair rules; positive consequences for good behaviour; mild non physical punishment for bad behaviour; and setting up appropriate contexts to encourage good behaviour.Cet article traite des salutations et de l’accueil entre pairs concernant les un à deux ans qui se rencontrent régulièrement pendant une année dans le cadre d’un «barnehage» norvégien (crèche). Les résultats de la recherche montrent qu’environ la moitié des salutations de ces tout petits sont comparables à des formes de salutations — de près ou à distance — bien connues dans différentes cultures, tandis que 21% sont essentiellement des «cérémonies» enfantines prolongées de salutations, ce qui suggère qu’une culture spécifique de bienvenue peut apparaître entre les tout petits qui se rencontrent sur une certaine durée de temps. La signification sociale des salutations en général et des salutations spécifiques entre tout petits, les pairs, est traitée en profondeur.Este artículo trata sobre el tema de como los niños menores de tres años aprenden las reglas de comportamiento apropiado a la luz del aprendizaje social, de su acoplamiento sociocultural, de la teoría ecológica, de la sociología y de las teorías de la niñez. El disciplinar incluye el enseñarles a los niños como comportarse en forma aceptable dentro de su familia y de la sociedad, en tanto que que el castigo fisico es el uso del dolor con el propósito de corregir el comportamiento infantil. Las investigaciones sugieren que el castigo físico no es necesariamente efectivo en lograr la obediencia, y que los efectos a largo plazo del castigo pueden incluir problemas tales como la agresividad, un menor logro intelectual, una relación menos fluída con los padres, ansiedad, depresión, y un bajo desarrollo de la conciencia. Una disciplina efectiva debe incluir una actitud positiva, firme y exigente de parte de los padres; una relación cálida y recíproca de padres e hijos; una comunicación clara con los hijos y expectativas razonables; un buen uso del razonamiento y las explicaciones; reglas firmes, consistentes y justas; reforzamiento positivo en situaciones de buen comportamiento; castigos no demasiado severos y en ningún caso físicos; y establecer contextos apropiados para alentar el buen comportamiento.
Starting Page	27
Ending Page	41
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00207187
Journal	International Journal of Early Childhood
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	18784658
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Punishment Aggression Attachment Conscience Childhood Education Education (general) International and Comparative Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Education Developmental and Educational Psychology

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