NDLI: Speleology of gypsum caves in Oklahoma

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bozeman, John Bozeman, Susan
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	The gypsum caves of western Oklahoma are situated in three separate areas of evaporite karst: (1) the Cimarron Gypsum Hills, in the northwest, along the Cimarron River; (2) the Weatherford Gypsum Hills, in west-central Oklahoma, to the north of the Wichita Mountains; and (3) the Mangum Gypsum Hills, in the southwest, west of the Wichita Mountains. Caves of the Cimarron Gypsum Hills and the Mangum Gypsum Hills are developed in the alternating dolomite, gypsum/anhydrite, and shale beds of the Permian Blaine Formation. Ranging from natural bridges to extensive cave systems, the largest is the 10km of passages in Jester Cave in the Mangum Gypsum Hills. Cave passages formed in the normally paired gypsum and dolomite beds exhibit narrow (1.5–5 m wide), sinuous, canyon-like profiles. The development of broader passages, with widths from 5 m to more than 35 m, involve the shale beds. Some are bedding-plane passages with extremely low ceilings, whereas others are comfortable, walking-height passages with ceilings from 3–15 m high. The Blaine Formation, in the area of humanly mappable cave development, is from 12 m to approximately 50 m thick. The caves drain the bluffs/escarpments and normally end in karst spring resurgences. Roof collapse often modifies these resurgences into breakdown mazes. The Weatherford Gypsum Hills caves are formed in the Permian Cloud Chief Formation. The Cloud Chief gypsum is chalkier than the Blain gypsums and the resultant cave development is more segmented, ranging from natural bridges (1.5–15 m in length) to cave segments (locally referred to as “tunnels”) that are tens of meters to more than one kilometer in length. These caves exhibit very little vertical development, and none of the bedding-plane development found in the Blaine Formation.
Starting Page	107
Ending Page	113
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08912556
Journal	Carbonates and Evaporites
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	18785212
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2002-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Geology Mineral Resources Mineralogy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geochemistry and Petrology

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