NDLI: Saltwater intrusion and nitrate pollution in the coastal aquifer of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mtoni, Yohana Mjemah, Ibrahimu Chikira Bakundukize, Charles Camp, Marc Martens, Kristine Walraevens, Kristine
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Dar es Salaam Quaternary coastal aquifer is a major source of water supply in Dar es Salaam City used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. However, groundwater overdraft and contamination are the major problems affecting the aquifer system. This study aims to define the principal hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the coastal strip of Dar es Salaam and to investigate whether the threats of seawater intrusion and pollution are influencing groundwater quality. Major cations and anions analysed in 134 groundwater samples reveal that groundwater is mainly affected by four factors: dissolution of calcite and dolomite, weathering of silicate minerals, seawater intrusion due to aquifer overexploitation, and nitrate pollution mainly caused by the use of pit latrines and septic tanks. High enrichment of Na$^{+}$ and Cl$^{−}$ near the coast gives an indication of seawater intrusion into the aquifer as also supported from the Na–Cl signature on the Piper diagram. The boreholes close to the coast have much higher Na/Cl molar ratios than the boreholes located further inland. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite in recharge areas results in Ca–HCO$_{3}$ and Ca–Mg–HCO$_{3}$ groundwater types. Further along flow paths, Ca$^{2+}$ and Na$^{+}$ ion exchange causes groundwater evolution to Na–HCO$_{3}$ type. From the PHREEQC simulation model, it appears that groundwater is undersaturated to slightly oversaturated with respect to the calcite and dolomite minerals. The results of this study provide important information required for the protection of the aquifer system.
Starting Page	1091
Ending Page	1111
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	70
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-01-06
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Dar es Salaam Coastal aquifer Hydrogeochemical processes Nitrate contamination Salinization Cation exchange Geology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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