NDLI: Environmental status and nutrients and dissolved organic carbon budget of two Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastal inlets: a snapshot statement

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	El Sayed, Mohamed A. Al Farawati, Radwan Kh. El Maradny, Amr A. Shaban, Yasser A. Rifaat, Ahmed E.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Two Red Sea coastal inlets situated on the Saudi Arabian western coast were visited 7 years after the implementation of a rehabilitation program including the official cessation of wastewater discharge, dredging of bottom sludge, and deployment of 28 air pumps to enhance water mixing and aeration. Visual observations indicated the presence of active sewage disposal points and apparent eutrophication. Chemical analysis of surface water supported this observation by providing measurable evidences, such as salinity lowering to about 30 and decrease of pH near the active effluents. Moreover, the extremely high concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (95 % as ammonium), phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon are comparable to concentrations measured before the implementation of the program. Based on the apparent conservative behavior of phosphate, inorganic nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon, concentrations of these variables at zero salinity were calculated and their budgets were estimated and compared with the measured quantities present in the surface mixed layer. The role of nitrogen and phosphorus as limiting elements was investigated using the nitrogen and phosphate ratio and the correlative plot of total inorganic nitrogen and phosphate against salinity. The pollution load, calculated using concentrations at zero salinity and nominal hydraulic flow of the effluents, amounted to 2,737 and 285 kg/day of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Potential algal mass production that may result from the total assimilation of this nutrient influx is equivalent to 23–30 tons/day, which is several times higher than the direct organic matter input from the sewage effluents.
Starting Page	7755
Ending Page	7767
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	74
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-05-31
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Sewage pollution Nutrients DOC Behavior Budget Coastal inlets Red Sea Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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