NDLI: Temporal variability of nitrate concentration in groundwater affected by intensive agricultural activities in a rural area of Hongseong, South Korea

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ki, Min Gyu Koh, Dong Chan Yoon, Heesung Kim, Hyun su
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Nitrate in groundwater from alluvial and weathered granitic aquifers was monitored for 1–1.5 years on a monthly basis in an agricultural area with a high density of livestock feedlots to identify the main factors that control temporal variations in nitrate concentration. The baseline-loading group had median NO$_{3}$–N concentrations of 5–7 mg/L, with temporal variations of 5–34 % indicating less impact of nitrogen sources. This group was mainly located in paddy fields, areas that have limited rainfall recharge during summer monsoon. Upland wells and those near livestock facilities had median NO$_{3}$–N concentrations of 11–41 mg/L with temporal variations of 10–87 %, which were designated as the elevated-loading group. Overall, nitrate concentrations in groundwater decreased during dry/growing season of spring and fall due to the mixing of the groundwater in these areas with deeper groundwater because of heavy pumping, whereas nitrate concentrations increased during summer monsoon due to infiltration of the nitrate concentrated in the soil zone, and the level was maintained or rebounded during dry/fallow season. Multiple linear regression showed that nitrate was positively explained by SO$_{4}$, Cl, and DO, and negatively explained by pH and HCO$_{3}$ indicating groundwater recharge and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater are important factors for nitrate contamination. These results show that nitrate concentrations in groundwater were controlled more by hydrologic processes than by biogeochemical processes, because most wells were considerably oxic. However, some of the wells were suboxic, and they exhibited increased Cl/NO$_{3}$ ratio and concentrations of HCO$_{3}$ and Mn(II) and decreased nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, NH$_{3}$–N was detected up to 2.6 mg/L with a sharp decrease in nitrate concentrations in one well, suggesting that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia and denitrification contributed to reduction in nitrate concentrations. This study revealed the effects of hydrologic and biogeochemical processes on temporal variations in nitrate concentrations in groundwater with high N loadings due to agricultural activity and a low potential for nitrate attenuation.
Starting Page	6147
Ending Page	6161
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	74
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-06-20
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Land use Recharge Denitrification DNRA Granitic aquifer Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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