NDLI: Soil C turnover, microbial biomass and respiration, and enzymatic activities following rangeland conversion to wheat

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Raiesi, Fayez Beheshti, Ali
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Conversion from rangeland to cropland potentially influences soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and biochemical properties. The purpose of the current study was to assess changes in soil properties and investigate the interaction between SOM and enzyme activities following cultivation of native rangelands for more than 40 years. The quantities of soil organic carbon (C) and microbial biomass C (MBC), aggregate stability, microbial respiration rate (MRR), potential C mineralization (PCM) and the activities of soil enzymes involved in C, N, P and S cycling at the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths were evaluated in never-cultivated natural rangelands and their corresponding farmlands with similar soil type and climatic conditions at Dehnow located in Central west, Iran. Cultivation in native rangelands resulted in a significant decline of most soil properties in farmlands, depending on soil sampling depths. Conversion of rangelands to their farmland counterparts decreased soil C (50–66 %), MBC (48–61 %), MRR (20–44 %), PCM (45–59 %), the activities of urease (5–17 %), invertase (7–28 %) and arylsulfatase (17–20 %) per soil mass, while increased C turnover rate (61–63 %), microbial metabolic quotient (qCO$_{2}$) values (41–54 %) and enzyme activities per unit C and MBC (61–190 %) without affecting microbial quotient (MBC/C ratio) values and the activities of soil phosphatases per soil mass. The decreases in soil microbial and biochemical properties were largely the result of a substantial decline in soil C contents and aggregate stability by tillage activities in farmlands. Although the absolute activities of soil enzymes (i.e., activity per dry soil mass) showed inconsistent responses to land use changes and were even less responsive than soil organic C and MBC contents to changing land uses, the specific enzyme activities expressed either per unit of C or MBC tended to increase considerably and consistently with this conversion and were more sensitive than soil C and MBC contents. Soil C turnover rates and metabolic quotients were found to correlate positively with the specific enzyme activities, indicating an interaction between SOM and enzyme activities. The specific enzymatic activity could be an appropriate and integrative simple index to (1) assess soil quality changes, (2) detect changes in soil microbial community; and even (3) associate the losses of SOM with the presence of metabolically more active decomposer biota in rangelands cultivated for the long term.
Starting Page	5073
Ending Page	5088
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18666280
Journal	Environmental Earth Sciences
Volume Number	72
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	18666299
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-06-06
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	C loss Land use change Microbial indicators Rangeland conversion Semi-arid ecosystems Soil enzyme enrichment Soil quality Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Geochemistry Environmental Science and Engineering Terrestrial Pollution Biogeosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Global and Planetary Change Earth-Surface Processes Soil Science Environmental Chemistry Pollution Geology Water Science and Technology

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