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Neurotoxicity Research : Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2002

Neurotoxicity Research : Volume 3

Neurotoxicity Research : Volume 2

Neurotoxicity Research : Volume 1

Studies on the interactions of tobacco leaf and tobacco smoke constituents and monoamine oxidase

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Castagnoli, Kay Steyn, Stefanus J. Magnin, Geraldine Schyf, Cornelis J. Fourie, Izel Khalil, Ashraf Castagnoli, Neal
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	Studies have demonstrated that smokers have lower levels of brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activity and lower MAO-B platelet activity than non-smokers. Recent speculations suggest that in addition to nicotine, tobacco components which are MAO inhibitors, may contribute to some tobacco related psychopharmacological effects. Furthermore, epidemiological evidence indicates a lower incidence of Parkinson’s disease in smokers than in non-smokers. This relationship also might be linked to MAO inhibition. There intriguing observations prompted studies on the effects of tobacco leaf and tobacco smoke constituents on MAO activity. Studies reported here demonstrate that crude hexane tobacco leaf and hexane and aqueous leaf extracts have MAO inhibitory properties. Rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and MAO-B activity are not altered following continuous 28 day exposure (osmotic minipump) to two tobacco alkaloids, (S)-nicotine or (R,S)-N-methylanatabine. However, earlier studies in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treated parkinsonian C57BL/6 mouse model have provided indirect evidence that the tobacco derived 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (an MAO-A and B inhibitor) is effective in inhibiting MAO-B in vivo and is neuroprotective. Results reported here from more extensive tobacco leaf extractions provide evidence for three additional compounds with MAO-B inhibitory properties. One contains a chromone system, another a polyunsaturated macrocycle and the third we have identified as farnesylacetone. These findings provide support to the thesis that components of tobacco smoke may be responsible for the inhibition of brain MAO-A and brain and platelet MAO-B in human smokers.
Starting Page	151
Ending Page	160
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2002-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Tobacco constituents Monoamine oxidase (S)-nicotine N-methylanatabine Smoking Neurosciences Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurology Neurochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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