NDLI: The role of novel chitin-like polysaccharides in Alzheimer disease

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Castellani, Rudy J. Perry, George Smith, Mark A.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	While controversy over the role of carbohydrates in amyloidosis has existed since the initial recognition of amyloid, current understanding of the role of polysaccharides in the pathogenesis of amyloid deposition of Alzheimer disease and other amyloidoses is limited to studies of glycoconjugates such as heparan sulfate proteglycan. We hypothesized that polysaccharides may play a broader role in light of 1) the impaired glucose utilization in Alzheimer disease; 2) the demonstration of amylose in the Alzheimer disease brain; 3) the role of amyloid in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Specifically, as with glucose polymers (amyloid), we wanted to explore whether glucosamine polymers such as chitin were being synthesized and deposited as a result of impaired glucose utilization and aberrant hexosamine pathway activation. To this end, using calcofluor histochemistry, we recently demonstrated that amyloid plaques and blood vessels affected by amyloid angiopathy in subjects with sporadic and familial Alzheimer disease elicit chitin-type characteristics. Since chitin is a highly insoluble molecule and a substrate for glycan-protein interactions, chitin-like polysaccharides within the Alzheimer disease brain could provide a scaffolding for amyloid-\ deposition. As such, glucosamine may facilitate the process of amyloidosis, and/or provide neuroprotection in the Alzheimer disease brain.
Starting Page	269
Ending Page	274
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	12
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Alzheimer disease Chitin Amyloid-\ Plaques Amyloidoses Glucosamine Calcofluor Neurosciences Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurology Neurochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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