NDLI: Covalent arylation of metallothionein by oxidized dopamine products: A possible mechanism for zinc-mediated enhancement of dopaminergic neuron survival

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Gauthier, Michelle A. Eibl, Joseph K. Crispo, James A. G. Ross, Gregory M.
Copyright Year	2008
Abstract	Metallothioneins are a group of low molecular weight proteins which can be induced upon exposure to metal ions, including Zn$^{2+}$. These cysteine-rich proteins are believed to have anti-oxidant-like properties due to their ability to scavenge free radicals with their multiple sulfhy-dryl groups. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that can form toxic quinone and semi-quinone products in an oxidative environment. While Zn$^{2+}$ is known to be toxic to some neuron subtypes, here we report a beneficial effect of Zn$^{2+}$ on dopaminergic neurons and identify a mechanism through which metallothionein may scavenge toxic dopamine oxidation products. Cultured embryonic neurons were treated with Zn$^{2+}$, and the number of dopaminergic neurons surviving after two or three weeks in culture was determined. We demonstrate that under these conditions metallothionein is upregulated and is able to form covalent arylation products with dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine bothin vitro and in culture. These experiments suggest that Zn$^{2+}$ enhances the survival of dopaminergic neurons, and we propose that as a mechanism, upregulated metallothioneins form covalent adducts with both dopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine, resulting in the observed neuroprotective effect of Zn$^{2+}$ on these cells. As Zn$^{2+}$ homeostasis and modulation of metallothionein expression are often markers of neurodegeneration, these studies may have significant implications for understanding the underlying basis of degenerative diseases involving dopaminergic neurons, including Parkinson’s disease.
Starting Page	317
Ending Page	328
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Parkinson’s disease BDNF Catecholamine Oxidative stress 6-Hydroxydopamine Neurosciences Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurology Neurochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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