NDLI: The shifting patterns of HIV encephalitis neuropathology

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Everall, Ian P. Hansen, Lawrence A. Masliah, Eliezer
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	HIV infected macrophages infiltrate the nervous system early in the progression of HIV infection, leading to a complex set of neuropathological alterations including HIV encephalitis (HIVE), leuko-encephalopathy and vacuolar myelopathy. This in turn results in neurodegeneration of selective cellular populations and pathways involved in regulating cognitive and motor functioning. Rapid progress in the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the patterns of HIV related neuropathology and neurological manifestations in the past 10 years. The prevalence of opportunistic infections and central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms has decreased, and some groups have proposed that the frequency of chronic forms of HIVE have been rising as the HAART-treated HIV population ages. Accordingly, clinical manifestations have shifted from severe dementia forms to more subtle minor cognitive impairment, leading to the suggestion of a classification of HIV associated neurological conditions into an inactive form, a chronic variety, and a ‘transformed’ variant. From a neuropathological point of view these variants might correspond to: a) aggressive forms with severe HIVE and white matter injury, b) extensive perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, c) ‘ burnt-out’ forms of HIVE and d) aging-associated amyloid accumulation with Alzheimer’s-like neuropathology. Factors contributing to the emergence of these variants of HIVE include the development of viral resistance, immune reconstitution, anti-retroviral drug toxicity and co-morbid factors(e.g., methamphetamine, HCV). More detailed characterization of these proposed variants of HIVE is important in order to better understand the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological damage and to design more effective treatments to protect the nervous system.
Starting Page	51
Ending Page	61
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2005-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	HIV Encephalitis HAART Chronic Opportunistic infections HCV Methamphetamine White matter Amyloid Neurosciences Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurology Neurochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Interactions of HIV and methamphetamine: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity potentiation

Ocular Manifestations of Crystal Methamphetamine Use

HIV-1, chemokines and neurogenesis

Are Neuropathological Conditions Relevant to Ethylmercury Exposure?

Role of Synucleins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Professional biographical sketch

Methamphetamine Preconditioning: Differential Protective Effects on Monoaminergic Systems in the Rat Brain

Role of Tat Protein in HIV Neuropathogenesis

The shifting patterns of HIV encephalitis neuropathology

Similar Documents

Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Interactions of HIV and methamphetamine: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity potentiation

Ocular Manifestations of Crystal Methamphetamine Use

HIV-1, chemokines and neurogenesis

Are Neuropathological Conditions Relevant to Ethylmercury Exposure?

Role of Synucleins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Professional biographical sketch

Methamphetamine Preconditioning: Differential Protective Effects on Monoaminergic Systems in the Rat Brain

Role of Tat Protein in HIV Neuropathogenesis

The shifting patterns of HIV encephalitis neuropathology