NDLI: Physical Exercise Alleviates ADHD Symptoms: Regional Deficits and Development Trajectory

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Archer, Trevor Kostrzewa, Richard M.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The heterogeneous, chronic, and proliferating aspect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbidities covers heritability, cognitive, emotional, motor, and everyday behavioral domains that place individuals presenting the condition at some considerable disadvantage. Disruption of “typical developmental trajectories” in the manifestation of gene-environment interactive predispositions implies that ADHD children and adolescents may continue to perform at defective levels as adults with regard to academic achievement, occupational enterprises, and interpersonal relationships, despite the promise of pharmacotherapeutic treatments. Physical exercise provides a plethora of beneficial effects against stress, anxiety, depression, negative affect and behavior, poor impulse control, and compulsive behavior concomitant with improved executive functioning, working memory and positive affect, as well as improved conditions for relatives and care-givers. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an essential element in normal brain development that promotes health-associated behaviors and quality-of-life, though reduced in ADHD, is increased markedly by the intervention of regular physical exercise. Functional, regional, and biomarker deficits, as well as hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal disruptions, have been improved through regular and carefully applied exercise programs. In view of the complications involving ADHD with co-morbidities, such as obesity, the influence of regular physical exercise has not been found negligible. Physical exercise bestows a propensity for eventual manifestation of “redifferentiated” developmental trajectories that may equip ADHD adults with a prognosis that is more adaptive functionally, independent of the applications of other therapeutic agents and treatments.
Starting Page	195
Ending Page	209
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2011-08-18
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	ADHD Regional deficits Developmental trajectory Biomarkers Cognition Emotion Co-morbidity Physical exercise Neurochemistry Neurobiology Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurology Neurosciences Cell Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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