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The neurotoxicity of glutamate, dopamine, iron and reactive oxygen species: Functional interrelationships in health and disease: A review — discussion

Strain-dependent recovery of open-field behavior and striatal dopamine deficiency in the mouse MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease

Glial HO-1 expression, iron deposition and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Schipper, Hyman M.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	The mechanisms responsible for the pathological deposition of brain iron in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other human neurodegenerative disorders remain poorly understood. In rat primary astrocyte cultures, we demonstrated that dopamine, cysteamine, H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ and menadione rapidly induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression (mRNA and protein) followed by sequestration of non-transferrin-derived$^{55}$Fe by the mitochondrial compartment. The effects of dopamine on HO-1 expression were inhibited by ascorbate implicating a free radical mechanism of action. Dopamine-induced mitochondrial iron trapping was abrogated by administration of the heme oxygenase inhibitors, tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) or dexamethasone (DEX) indicating that HO-1 up-regulation is necessary for subsequent mitochondrial iron deposition in these cells. Over-expression of the human HO-1 gene in cultured rat astroglia by transient transfection also stimulated mitochondrial$^{55}$Fe deposition, an effect that was again preventible by SnMP or DEX administration. We hypothesize that free ferrous iron and carbon monoxide generated by HO-1-mediated heme degradation promote mitochondrial membrane injury and the deposition of redox-active iron within this organelle. We have shown that the percentages of GFAP-positive astrocytes that co-express HO-1 in Parkinson-affected substantia nigra and Alzheimer-diseased hippocampus are significantly increased relative to age-matched controls. Stress-induced up-regulation of HO-1 in astroglia may be responsible for the abnormal patterns of brain iron deposition and mitochondrial insufficiency documented in various human neurodegenerative disorders.
Starting Page	57
Ending Page	70
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10298428
Journal	Neurotoxicity Research
Volume Number	1
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14763524
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Aging Alzheimer’s disease Astrocyte Heme oxygenase-1 Iron Mitochondria Oxidative stress Parkinson’s disease Neurosciences Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Neurology Neurochemistry Pharmacology/Toxicology Neurobiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Toxicology

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