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The roots of crop health: cropping practices and disease management

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Savary, Serge
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Much has been written and said of the importance of crop management to sustain plant health, a fundamental for feeding a world population expected to reach around nine billion by 2050. Yet, the two elements, crop management and plant health management, are generally addressed as two distinct entities, the former often being seen as a source for options for the latter. Agriculture of the Middle Age (900–1600 CE) seems not always to have distinguished crop and plant health management, considering them instead as a whole. In this article, these elements are addressed as parts of production situations, which represent a much broader level of integration for systems analysis. At the production situation level, plant disease epidemics, or their suppression, can both be seen as consequences of crop management. Modern agriculture tends to distinguish specific plant health management techniques (which are often over-emphasized) and general, non-specific ones (which are often downplayed). The former (e.g., specific host plant resistances, biological control, pesticides) may be overcome rather rapidly by plant pathogens, while the latter (e.g., crop rotation, tillage), with often progressive, incomplete, and confounded effects, may constitute the basis of sustainable management of plant health. A simulation modelling framework, with two model structures, is used to highlight the three components of disease management outlined by Berger (Annual Review of Phytopathology, 15, 165–183, 1977): (1) eliminate or reduce the initial inoculum or delay its appearance, (2) slow the rate of disease increase, and (3) shorten the time of exposure of the crop to the pathogen. The degree of involvement of these three components is further discussed in three groups of examples in plant production systems that significantly contribute to global food provisioning and food security. A few modelling outputs and evaluation of these examples suggest that, even in the most specialized production situations, both specific and non-specific plant health management strategies are necessary for sustained health of our crops and for durable performances of agricultural systems.
Starting Page	819
Ending Page	831
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18764517
Journal	Food Security
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	18764525
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-10-16
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	inoculum Simulation modelling Crop growth Crop senescence Rice Cochliobolus miyabeanus Sheath blight Rhizoctonia solani Coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix Wheat Cochliobolus sativus Mycosphaerella graminicola Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Fusarium head blight Fusarium graminearum Pesticide lock-in Polycyclic epidemic Polyetic epidemic Agriculture Food Science Social Policy Plant Sciences Environment Social Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Development Food Science Agronomy and Crop Science

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The roots of crop health: cropping practices and disease management

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The roots of crop health: cropping practices and disease management