NDLI: New interpretations of the systematics and palaeoecology of the Dorn-Dürkheim 1 hipparions (late Miocene, Turolian age [MN11]), Rheinhessen, Germany

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kaiser, Thomas M. Bernor, Raymond L. Scott, Robert S. Franzen, Jens Lorenz Solounias, Nikos
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	The Turolian vertebrate locality of Dorn-Dürkheim is situated near the city of Mainz, SW-Germany. The mammalian fauna is significantly younger than most other late Miocene Central European faunas that have yielded an equally rich assemblage of hipparion remains. The Dorn-Dürkheim hipparion fauna consists of isolated teeth and postcranial skeletal elements. We use the Vallesian (MN9) samples ofHippotherium primigenium from Eppelsheim and Höwenegg (Germany) as standards for comparison. Based on cheek tooth occlusal dimensions and continuous variables of the astragali, we identify two clusters of dental and postcranial specimens. We argue that these two clusters belong to two populations of hipparions that differ from one another principally in their body size. We further investigate the populations from Eppelsheim (EPhP), the total of all Dorn-Dürkheim specimens (DDpPall) and the two sub-populations from Dorn-Dürkheim (DDhPri and DDhPsm) with respect to their dietary preferences. For this we use the microwear and mesowear methods. The paleodietary signals for each sub-population are found to be quite different. The larger sized population of Dorn-Dürkheim (DDhPri) was a mixed feeder, while the small sized population (DDhPsm) is interpreted to have been a dedicated browser. In addition, we redefine the calculation of indices of hypsodonty so that they are more appropriate to equine horses. In comparing the hypsodonty indices of the hipparion populations from Eppelsheim and the total of the Dorn-Dürkheim specimens we find no differences in hypsodonty. In our comparison of Dorn-Dürkheim metacarpal III’s (MC III’s) with MC III’ from other pertinent European localities, we find two MC III’s from Dorn-Dürkheim to be similar to the Höwenegg population ofH. primigenium. However, eight Dorn-Dürkheim specimens differ from the Höwenegg population in having a relatively expanded crista sagittalis and reduced lateral and medial condyles. The only complete Dorn-Dürkheim MC III is relatively longer than the those from the Höwenegg population. This leads us to conclude that the MC III morphology of the smaller sized sub-population from Dorn-Dürkheim (DDhPsm) exhibits an adaptation for more cursorial locomotion than the Höwenegg hipparions, while the larger sized sub-population ventured into less forested habitats and was less cursorial. Based on the peculiarities of metapodial build and of cheek tooth dimensions, we recognize the population DDhPsm from Dorn-Dürkheim as belonging to a new species of hipparionine horse,Hippotherium kammerschmitti. New species:Cormohipparion n. sp.,Hippotherium kammerschmitti n. sp.Die turolische Wirbeltierlokalität Dorn-Dürkheim liegt nahe von Mainz in Südwestdeutschland. Die Säugetierfauna ist deutlich jünger als die meisten übrigen obermiozänen mitteleuropäischen Faunen und hat ein reiches, überwiegend aus isolierten Zähnen und postcranialen Skelettelementen bestehendes Hipparionenmaterial geliefert. Als Referenz für Vergleiche wird das vallesische Fundgut vonHippotherium primigenium von den Lokalitäten Eppelsheim und Höwenegg herangezogen. Basierend auf den occlusalen Dimensionen der Backenzähne und den Abmessungen von Astragali und Metapodien werden zwei Gruppen dentaler und postcranialer Individuen identifiziert. Diese zwei Gruppen werden zu zwei verschiedenen Unterpopulationen hipparioner Pferde gestellt, die sich im wesentlichen durch ihre Körpergröße unterscheiden. In Bezug auf ihre Nahrungspräferenzen werden ferner die Populationen von Eppelsheim (EPhP), die Gesamtheit aller Dorn-Dürkheim-Individuen (DDhPall) sowie die zwei Unterpopulationen von Dorn-Dürkheim (DDhPri and DDhPsm) untersucht. Hierfür kommen die Mikrowear- und die Mesowearmethode zum Einsatz. Die großwüchsige Population von Dorn-Dürkheim (DDhPri) wird als Mischkostfresser (mixed feeder) erkannt, während die kleinwüchsige Population (DDhPsm) als ausgesprochener Konzentratselektierer (browser) interpretiert wird. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird ferner die Berechnung des Hypsodontie-Index neu definiert, um den besonderen Gegebenheiten der Equiden besser gerecht zu werden. Zwischen den Hipparion-Populationen von Eppelsheim und der Gesamtheit der Dorn-Dürkheim-Individuen bestehen keine Unterschiede im Hypsodontie-Index. Im Vergleich der Metacarpalia III (MC III) von Dorn-Dürkheim mit Hipparionen verschiedener europäischer Lokalitäten sind zwei MC III’s von Dorn-Dürkheim der Höwenegg-Population vonH. primigenium im Bau sehr ähnlich. Acht MC III’s von Dorn-Dürkheim zeigen jedoch eine verhältnismäßig ausgedehnte Crista sagittalis und reduzierte laterale und mediale Condylen. Das einzige vollständig erhaltene Metacarpale III von Dorn-Dürkheim ist im Verhältnis zur Höwenegg Population relativ lang gestreckt. Hieraus wird geschlossen, dass die eine Subpopulation von Dorn-Dürkheim (DDhPsm) eine Adaptation zeigt, die gegenüber den Höwenegg-Hipparionen auf verstärkte kursoriale Lokomotion verweist. Dem gegenüber war die großwüchsigere Subpopulation weniger cursorial adaptiert. Basierend auf den Besonderheiten im Bau der Metacarpalia und in den Abmessungen der Backenzähne wird die Population DDhPsm als eine neue Art hipparioner Pferde erkannt,Hippotherium kammerschmitti.
Starting Page	103
Ending Page	133
Page Count	31
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00372110
Journal	Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
Volume Number	83
Issue Number	1-2
Language	German
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Mammalia hipparions systematics palaeoecology Tertiary Miocene Dorn-Dürkheim Germany Paleontology Biodiversity Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Paleontology

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