NDLI: Protocol for lapis lazuli provenance determination: evidence for an Afghan origin of the stones used for ancient carved artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence (Italy)

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Protocol for lapis lazuli provenance determination: evidence for an Afghan origin of the stones used for ancient carved artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence (Italy)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lo Giudice, Alessandro Angelici, Debora Re, Alessandro Gariani, Gianluca Borghi, Alessandro Calusi, Silvia Giuntini, Lorenzo Massi, Mirko Castelli, Lisa Taccetti, Francesco Calligaro, Thomas Pacheco, Claire Lemasson, Quentin Pichon, Laurent Moignard, Brice Pratesi, Giovanni Guidotti, Maria Cristina
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Despite that the Badakhshan Province (Afghanistan) remains the most plausible hypothesis for the lapis lazuli used in antiquity, alternatives proposed in literature are worth to study to confirm or disprove their historical reliability. In this work, a protocol for determining the provenance of lapis lazuli rocks used for carved artefacts is described. Markers for the univocal attribution of the raw material to a source were identified analysing 45 rocks of known provenance (among which 15 georeferenced) from 4 quarry districts. To the best of our knowledge, this reference database is the widest in provenance studies on lapis lazuli. All the markers are recognisable by means of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques, in particular micro-proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and micro-ionoluminescence (IL). These techniques are non-invasive and applicable in air, allowing to analyse artworks and rocks of practically any shape and dimension without sample preparation.The protocol was applied to determine the provenance of raw material used for carved lapis lazuli artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence, the second most important Egyptian museum in Italy, second only to the museum of Turin. The collection in Florence has a great historical value and includes several lapis lazuli pendants, scarabs, small statuettes and amulets ascribable mainly to the first millennium BC. Following the protocol, 11 of these artefacts were analysed by means of IBA techniques. Results ascribe the raw material to the Afghan quarry district.
Starting Page	637
Ending Page	651
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18669557
Journal	Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	18669565
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-11-08
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Lapis lazuli Provenance Ancient Egypt Archaeometry μ-PIXE Ionoluminescence Earth Sciences Archaeology Chemistry/Food Science Geography Life Sciences Anthropology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Archeology Archeology (arts and humanities) Anthropology

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Protocol for lapis lazuli provenance determination: evidence for an Afghan origin of the stones used for ancient carved artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence (Italy)