NDLI: Sedimentology and evolution of a foreland desert basin, Middle Eocene Gercus Formation (North and Northeastern Iraq)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hussain, Salim H. Aghwan, Thamer A.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The Middle Eocene Gercus Formation was studied at four surface sections (Badi/Zawita, Dohuk Dam, Brifca, and Shaqlawa), in north and northeastern Iraq. It is dominated by distinct red beds of continental clastic sediments consisting of mudstones, sandstones, conglomerates, and minor carbonates and evaporites. The detailed sedimentological study reveals that these rocks accumulated in three main distinct facies associations: aeolian, fluvial and lacustrine. The first consists of deflation lags/desert pavements, aeolian sandsheet, aeolian dune, aeolian bimodal, and interdune deposits. The second comprises pebble-sand and sand bedload stream, mud playa/ephemeral floodplain, gravel bedload stream, debris flow, sheet flood, hyperconcentrated flow, and intra-erg mass-flow deposits. The third consists predominantly of freshwater carbonates and playa gypsum. The overall characters of the facies associations indicate that the Gercus Formation was deposited in diverse suites of sedimentary environments. These are: arid to semiarid (dry) alluvial fans, ephemeral streams “wadis,” aeolian dunes, interdunes, and lakes. The close association of these related environments throughout the studied sections indicates that the Gercus Formation represents the sediments of a former desert environment under arid to semiarid conditions. The distribution of these environments generally displays a coarsening upward sequence in which erg margin deposits occurs at the base of the succession and an alluvial fan system at the top. The erg system seems to reflect an expansion of central erg over the underlying erg margin. This may be attributed to an increase of aeolian supply to the desert over a long haul prior to basin-wide progradation of the overlying alluvial fan deposits. The development and the preservation of Gercus desert systems are associated with syndepositional tectonism in a rapidly subsiding foreland basin.
Starting Page	2799
Ending Page	2830
Page Count	32
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18667511
Journal	Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	18667538
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-05-07
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Gercus Formation North Iraq Erg margin Fluvial–aeolian interaction Middle Eocene Foreland basin Earth Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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