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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Al Ameri, Thamer Khazal Pitman, Janet Naser, Madhat E. Zumberge, John Al Haydari, Hiba Adil |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | 1D petroleum system modeling was performed on wells in each of four oil fields in South Iraq, Zubair (well Zb-47), Nahr Umr (well NR-9), West Qurna (well WQ-15 and 23), and Majnoon (well Mj-8). In each of these fields, deposition of the Zubair Formation was followed by continuous burial, reaching maximum temperatures of 100°C (equivalent to 0.70%Ro) at depths of 3,344–3,750 m of well Zb-47 and 3,081.5–3,420 m of well WQ-15, 120°C (equivalent to 0.78%Ro) at depths of 3,353–3,645 m of well NR-9, and 3,391–3,691.5 m of well Mj-8. Generation of petroleum in the Zubair Formation began in the late Tertiary, 10 million years ago. At present day, modeled transformation ratios (TR) indicate that 65% TR of its generation potential has been reached in well Zb-47, 75% TR in well NR-9 and 55-85% TR in West Qurna oil field (wells WQ-15 and WQ-23) and up to 95% TR in well Mj-8, In contrast, younger source rocks are immature to early mature (<20% TR), whereas older source rocks are mature to overmature (100% TR). Comparison of these basin modeling results, in Basrah region, are performed with Kifle oil field in Hilla region of western Euphrates River whereas the Zubair Formation is immature within temperature range of 65–70°C (0.50%Ro equivalent) with up to 12% (TR = 12%) hydrocarbon generation efficiency and hence poor generation could be assessed in this last location. The Zubair Formation was deposited in a deltaic environment and consists of interbedded shales and porous and permeable sandstones. In Basrah region, the shales have total organic carbon of 0.5–7.0 wt%, Tmax 430–470°C and hydrogen indices of up to 466 with S2 = 0.4–9.4 of kerogen type II & III and petroleum potential of 0.4–9.98 of good hydrocarbon generation, which is consistent with 55–95% hydrocarbon efficiency. These generated hydrocarbons had charged (in part) the Cretaceous and Tertiary reservoirs, especially the Zubair Formation itself, in the traps formed by Alpine collision that closed the Tethys Ocean between Arabian and Euracian Plates and developed folds in Mesopotamian Basin 15–10 million years ago. These traps are mainly stratigraphic facies of sandstones with the shale that formed during the deposition of the Zubair Formation in transgression and regression phases within the main structural folds of the Zubair, Nahr Umr, West Qurna and Majnoon Oil fields. Oil biomarkers of the Zubair Formation Reservoirs are showing source affinity with mixed oil from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata, including Zubair Formation organic matters, based on presentation of GC and GC-MS results on diagrams of global petroleum systems.لقد تم إنجاز موديل النظام النفطي ذو البعد الواحد ((1D في كلَ من الجقول النفطيه الاربعه في جنوب العراق: هم الزبير (بئر زبير-47) و نهر عمر (بئر نهر عمر-9) و غرب القرنه (بئر غرب القرنه-15 و 23) و مجنون (بئر مجنون-8). ظهر في كلَ من هذه الحقول أن ترسيب تكوين الزبير قد أعقبه دفن مستمر و تراكم ترسبات تكاوين أخرى فوقه أدت الى وصوله الى درجة حراره 100ﹾمئوي (تعادل 0,7% إنعكاسية فيترينايت) عند عمق 3344-3750 متر للبئر زبير-47 و عمق 3081.5 -3420 للبئر غرب القرنه-15. ووصلت درجة حرارة التكوين 120ﹾمئوي (تعادل0.78% إنعكاسية فيترينايت) عند العمق 3353-3645 متر للبئر نهر عمر-9 و عمق 3391-3691.5 متر للبئر مجنون-8. إبتدئ نشوء نفط تكوين الزبير في العصر الثلاثي المتأخر, أي عشرة ملايين سنه قبل الحاضر. في الوقت الحاضر فإن درجة نشوء النفط من خلال موديل النسب التحوُليه للهيدروكاربونات (TR) داخل الحاسوب من تكوين الزبيرأوضحت أن النشوء الموعود الذي تم الوصول اليه في حقل الزبير هو 65% في البئر زبير-47 و في حقل نهر عمر هو 75% في البئر نهر عمر-9 و و في حقل غرب القرنه هو 55-85% في البئرين غرب القرنه-15 و البئر غرب القرنه-23 و حتى 95% في حقل القرنه في البئر مجنون-8. بالمقارنه, فإن الصخور المصدريه الاحدث هي غير ناضجه أو في بداية النضوج و لذلك فقد تم الوصول الى أقل من 20% نسبة تحول للهيدروكاربونات, بينما تكون الصخور المصدريه الاقدم ناضجه و حتى فوق النضوج و لهذا فقد تحول 100% من النشوء الموعود للنفط من المواد العضويه. تكون مقارنه نتائج موديل هذا الحوض في منطقة البصره مع حقل نفط الكفل في منطقة الحله غرب نهر الفرات حيث يكون تكوين الزبير فيه غير ناضجاَ ضمن درجة حراره 65-70ﹾمئوي (تعادل 0.5% إنعكاسية فيترينايت) مع 12% تحول للهيدروكاربونات من قابلية المواد العضويه للتحوُل و لهذا فهي ضعيفة الانتاجيه النفطيه من كيروجين تكوين الزبير. لقد ترسب تكوين الزبير في بيئه دلتاويه و محتوياَ على تعاقب للسجيل غير النافذ مع الصخور الرمليه ذات المساميه و النفاذيه العاليتين. في منطقة البصره, فتحتوي طبقات السجيل على إجمالي الكاربون العضوي بنسبه وزنيه 0.5-7.0%, ودرجة الحراره القصوى 430-470 درجه مئويه و مؤشر هيدروجيني يصل الى 466 مع S2 =0.4-9.4 لكيروجين النوعين الثاني و الثالث و نفط موعود يصل الى 0.4-9.98 الذي يمثل إنتاجيه جيده للهيدروكاربونات والذي يحتوي على قابلية تكوين للهيدروكاربونات بين 55-95%. إن هذه الهيدروكاربونات المتكونه قد جهزت (جزئياَ) خزانات العصرين العصرين الكريتاسي و الثلاثي و بالاخص تكوين الزبير نفسه, في مصائد تكونت خلال الحركه الالبيه الارتطاميه التي أغلقت بحر التيثيس القديم بين الصفيحتين العربيه و الافرواسيويه و كونت الطيات في حوض وادي الرافدين قبل 10-15 مليون سنه. إن أغلب هذه المصائد هي سحنات ستراتغرافيه من الصخور الرمليه و السجيل تكونت خلال ترسيب تكوين الزبير في أطوار المد و الجزر ضمن الطيات التركيبيه الرئيسه لحقول نفط الزبير و نهر عمر و غرب القرنه و مجنون. لقد أشارت تحليلات الدلائل الحياتيه لنفط خزانات تكوين الزبير أنها تعود تكوينياَ الى خليط من طبقات الجوراسي الاعلى و الكريتاسي الاسفل و بضمنها المواد العضويه العائده لتكوين الزبير إعتماداَ على عرض نتائج تحليلات الغازكروماتوكرافيا (GC) و الغازكروماتوكرافيا-الطيف الكتلي (GC-MS) في مرتسمات أنظمة النفوط العالميه. |
| Starting Page | 1239 |
| Ending Page | 1259 |
| Page Count | 21 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 18667511 |
| Journal | Arabian Journal of Geosciences |
| Volume Number | 4 |
| Issue Number | 7-8 |
| e-ISSN | 18667538 |
| Language | Arabic |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2010-06-09 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | PetroMod software Zubair Formation South Iraq Oil generation Accumulation Biomarkers Earth Sciences |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental Science |
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