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Evaluation of Seasonal Variability of Toxic and Essential Elements in Urine Analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Paglia, Giuseppe Miedico, Oto Tarallo, Marina Lovino, Anna Rita Astarita, Giuseppe Chiaravalle, Antonio Eugenio Corso, Gaetano
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Human exposure to elements is a process difficult to control and monitor. Studies on this topic usually rely on single spot urine sample to assess exposure, with the risk of ignoring variability over a longer period. In this work, we measured the urinary excretion of toxic and essential elements during 1 year with the overall goal of exploring the variability caused by seasonality on their concentration. Seven participants were recruited, and first morning urines were collected three times for each season, during November, January, April and July. Participants followed the same balanced diet during the week of collection. We then monitored nineteen essential and toxic elements in urines by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Unsupervised multivariate statistical analysis separated samples collected during summer from the ones collected during other seasons. Twelve elements had a significant seasonal variation (ANOVA test, p < 0.05) and their levels resulted increased during summer. These elements were both contaminants, such as Ni, Hg, Cd and Tl, and essential elements such as Se and Cu. However, none of these elements was detected at toxic concentration. In this study, we point out for the first time the variability of urine element concentration due to seasonality and we propose that the season of collection should be considered when providing urinary reference values of elements.
Starting Page	79
Ending Page	88
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	24519766
Journal	Exposure and Health
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	24519685
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2016-06-20
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Seasonality Elements Metals Urine ICP-MS Exposome Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Water Quality/Water Pollution Water and Health Pollution Environmental Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Water Science and Technology

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