NDLI: Tidal-Fluvial and Estuarine Processes in the Lower Columbia River: II. Water Level Models, Floodplain Wetland Inundation, and System Zones

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Jay, David A. Borde, Amy B. Diefenderfer, Heida L.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Spatially varying water-level regimes are a factor controlling estuarine and tidal-fluvial wetland vegetation patterns. As described in Part I, water levels in the Lower Columbia River and estuary (LCRE) are influenced by tides, river flow, hydropower operations, and coastal processes. In Part II, regression models based on tidal theory are used to quantify the role of these processes in determining water levels in the mainstem river and floodplain wetlands, and to provide 21-year inundation hindcasts. Analyses are conducted at 19 LCRE mainstem channel stations and 23 tidally exposed floodplain wetland stations. Sum exceedance values (SEVs) are used to compare wetland hydrologic regimes at different locations on the river floodplain. A new predictive tool is introduced and validated, the potential SEV (pSEV), which can reduce the need for extensive new data collection in wetland restoration planning. Models of water levels and inundation frequency distinguish four zones encompassing eight reaches. The system zones are the wave- and current-dominated Entrance to river kilometer (rkm) 5; the Estuary (rkm-5 to 87), comprised of a lower reach with salinity, the energy minimum (where the turbidity maximum normally occurs), and an upper estuary reach without salinity; the Tidal River (rkm-87 to 229), with lower, middle, and upper reaches in which river flow becomes increasingly dominant over tides in determining water levels; and the steep and weakly tidal Cascade (rkm-229 to 234) immediately downstream from Bonneville Dam. The same zonation is seen in the water levels of floodplain stations, with considerable modification of tidal properties. The system zones and reaches defined here reflect geological features and their boundaries are congruent with five wetland vegetation zones.
Starting Page	1299
Ending Page	1324
Page Count	26
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15592723
Journal	Estuaries
Volume Number	39
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15592731
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-04-26
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Environmental flows Estuarine processes Hydropower impacts Non-stationary tides Sum exceedance value Tidal freshwater Tidal river zonation Tides Wetlands Water levels Environment Ecology Freshwater & Marine Ecology Environmental Management Coastal Sciences Water and Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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