NDLI: Determination of food web support and trophic position of the mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus, in New Jersey smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), common reed (Phragmites australis), and restored salt marshes

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Currin, C. A. Wainright, S. C. Able, K. W. Weinstein, M. P. Fuller, C. M.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	The invasion ofPhragmites australis into tidal marshes formerly dominated bySpartina alterniflora has resulted in considerable interest in the consequences of this invasion for the ecological functions of marsh habitat. We examined the provision of trophic support for a resident marsh fish,Fundulus heteroclitus, in marshes dominated byP. australis, byS. alterniflora, and in restored marshes, using multiple stable isotope analysis. We first evaluated our ability to distinguish among potential primary producers using the multiple stable isotope approach. Within a tidal creek system we found significant marsh and elevation effects on microalgal isotope values, and sufficient variability and overlap in primary producer isotope values to create some difficulty in identifying unique end members. The food webs supportingF. heteroclitus production were examined using dual isotope plots. At both sites, the δ$^{13}$C values ofF. heteroclitus were clustered over values for benthic microalgae (BMI) and approximately midway between δ$^{13}$C values ofSpartina andPhragmites. Based on comparisons of fish and primary producer δ$^{13}$C, δ$^{15}$N, and δ$^{34}$S values, and consideration ofF. heteroclitus feeding habits, we conclude that BMI were a significant component of the food web supportingF. heteroclitus in these brackish marshes, especially recently-hatched fish occupying pools on the marsh surface. A 2‰ difference in δ$^{13}$C betweenFundulus occupying nearly adjacentSpartina andPhragmites marshes may be indicative of relatively less reliance on BMI and greater reliance onPhragmites production inPhragmites-dominated marshes, a conclusion consistent with the reduced BMI biomass found inPhragmites marshes. The mean δ$^{13}$C value ofF. heteroclitus from restored marshes was intermediate between values of fish from naturally occurringSpartina marshes and areas invaded byPhragmites. We also examined the isotopic evidence for ontogenetic changes in the trophic position of larval and juvenileF. heteroclitus. We found significant positive relationships betweenF. heteroclitus δ$^{15}$N values and total length, reflective of an increase in trophic position as fish grow.F. heteroclitus δ$^{15}$N values indicate that these fish are feeding approximately two trophic levels above primary producers.
Starting Page	495
Ending Page	510
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01608347
Journal	Estuaries
Volume Number	26
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2003-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Environment Ecology Geosciences Freshwater & Marine Ecology Environmental Management Nature Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Aquatic Science Environmental Science

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