NDLI: Chemical contamination, toxicity, and benthic community indices in sediments of the lower Miami River and adjoining portions of Biscayne Bay, Florida

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Long, Edward R. Hameedi, M. Jawed Sloane, Gail M. Read, Lorraine B.
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	A large-scale survey of sediment quality in Biscayne Bay, Florida, was conducted in 1995–1996 to characterize the relative degree, geographic patterns, and spatial extent of degraded sediment quality. Chemical analyses and multiple toxicity tests were performed on 226 surficial sediment samples collected over an area of 484 km$^{2}$ in greater Biscayne Bay, including saltwater reaches of several tributaries. Benthic samples were collected and analyzed at one-third of the locations. One or more chemical concentrations exceeded effects range median (ERM) values in 35 samples, representing an area of 5.4 km$^{2}$ (1.1% of the survey area). Highly toxic conditions in amphipod survival tests occurred in 24 of the samples, representing 62 km$^{2}$ (13% of the area). Highly significant results were more frequently observed in three sub-lethal tests: sea urchin fertilization (affecting 47% of the area), sea urchin embryological development (84% of the area), and microbial bioluminescence (51% of the area). The highest levels of chemical contamination (range in mean ERM quotients of 0.2 to 2.0, average 0.76) were observed in samples from the lower Miami River. The high degree of contamination in the river contrasted sharply with conditions in the bay, where chemical concentrations generally were much lower (range in mean ERM quotients of 0.005 to 0.21, average 0.04). Amphipod survival tests showed a very high degree of correspondence with a gradient in chemical contamination in the river and adjoining reaches of the bay. Correlation analyses, scatter plots, and principal component analyses indicated that both amphipod survival in the laboratory tests and the abundance and diversity of the benthos decreased sharply with increasing concentrations of mixtures of organic compounds and trace metals in the sediments. The triad of analyses provided a strong weight of evidence of pollution-induced degradation of sediment quality in the riverine locations.
Starting Page	622
Ending Page	637
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01608347
Journal	Estuaries
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2002-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Environment Ecology Geosciences Freshwater & Marine Ecology Environmental Management Nature Conservation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Aquatic Science Environmental Science

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