NDLI: Primary hemiepiphytism and gametophyte morphology in Elaphoglossum amygdalifolium (Dryopteridaceae)

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Primary hemiepiphytism and gametophyte morphology in Elaphoglossum amygdalifolium (Dryopteridaceae)

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lagomarsi, Laura P. Grusz, Amanda L. Moran, Robbin C.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Elaphoglossum amygdalifolium holds a critical phylogenetic position as sister to the remaining ca. 600 extant species of Elaphoglossum and may provide important insight into the evolution of epiphytism in this clade of ferns. Here, we present the first examination of growth habit and gametophyte morphology for this species. We show that the cordate to elongate-cordate gametophytes occur up to 0.5 m above the ground on the base of tree trunks. Unlike the gametophytes of all other studied species of Elaphoglossum, rhizoids are absent along the thallus margin and the hairs present on the margin lack whitish waxy caps; both differences are pleisiomorphic for the genus. Sporelings of E. amygdalifolium produce a single long root that grows straight into the soil where it branches profusely. Mature sporophytes have long-creeping rhizomes that climb to heights of at least 3 m and produce two types of roots: “feeding roots” that reach the ground and “clasping roots” that anchor the sporophyte to its host plant. Our observations reveal that E. amygdalifolium is a primary hemiepiphyte, the first example of this growth habit to be documented in Elaphoglossum. Results of an ancestral state reconstruction of growth habit in bolbitidoid ferns show that both primary hemiepiphytism and holoepiphytism are equally likely to be the ancestral character state for Elaphoglossum. Elaphoglossum amygdalifolium mantiene una posición filogenética importante como especie hermana de las casi 600 restantes que componen el género Elaphoglossum y puede proporcionar información importante sobre la evolución del epifitismo en este clado de helechos. A continuación, se presenta el primer análisis del hábito de crecimiento y la morfología del gametofito de esta especie. Los gametofitos en formas varían de cordadas a ligeramente alargado-cordadas se presentan en la base de los troncos de los árboles hasta los 0.5 m del suelo. A diferencia que las otras especies estudiadas de Elaphoglossum, rizoides son ausentes por el margen del tallo y los pelos presentes en el margen carecen de capas cerosas blanquecinas. Los esporofitos jóvenes de E. amygdalifolium producen una sola raíz larga que crece directamente hacia el suelo. Los esporofitos maduros tienen rizomas largamente rastreros que trepan hasta una altura de por lo menos 3 m y producen “raíces nutricias” que crecen directamente hacia el suelo y “raíces abrazadoras” que anclar la planta al tronco. Nuestras observaciones revelan que E. amygdalifolium es una hemiepífita primaria, el primer ejemplo de este hábito de crecimiento que se documenta en Elaphoglossum. Los resultados de una reconstrucción del estado ancestral del hábito de crecimiento en Elaphoglossum, muestran que tanto el hemiepifitismo primario como el holoepifitismo tienen la misma probabilidad de ser el carácter ancestral para el género.
Starting Page	226
Ending Page	235
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0007196X
Journal	Brittonia
Volume Number	64
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1938436X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2012-06-15
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Bolbitidoid epiphyte ferns growth form growth habit life form La Selva Biological Station rhizome roots Plant Physiology Plant Ecology Plant Sciences Plant Anatomy/Development Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Plant Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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