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A Bayesian Item Response Theory Approach to Symptom Validity Detection: Evaluating Psychological Screening Inventory-2 Response Profile Likelihoods

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Thomas, Michael L. Lanyon, Richard I.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Invalid data in forensic assessment are most often indicated by excessive endorsement of psychiatric symptoms. Although this method of identifying invalid profiles is generally effective, it does not make use of all conditional dependencies in data. Modern psychometric methodologies can be used to identify aberrant response profiles through model-based indices known as person fit statistics. Specifically, the likelihoods of examinees' response profiles can be compared against observed or simulated likelihoods that are derived from empirical models of emotional and psychiatric functioning. This study demonstrates how person fit indices based on item response theory models can be used to detect misfitting response profiles in forensic assessment. Archival data from the Psychological Screening Inventory-2 (R. I. Lanyon, 2010a) were evaluated with Bayesian estimation and posterior predictive model checking to compare the response profile log-likelihoods of 74 forensic participants with 1,046 normative participants. Results suggest 61 % of forensic examinees but only 5 % of normative examinees had misfitting data. Misfitting “fake bad” forensic profiles appeared to be associated with overly discrepant endorsement of symptoms, and misfitting “fake good” forensic profiles appeared to be associated with overly narrow endorsement of symptoms. The high rate of misfit among forensic examinees challenges the appropriateness of basing interpretations of forensic data on reliability and validity coefficients from normative samples. However, because aspects of the methodology are still untested in forensic and clinical assessment (e.g., the use of priors in this study), future research is needed to evaluate its appropriateness for clinical practice.
Starting Page	221
Ending Page	234
Page Count	14
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1938971X
Journal	Psychological Injury and Law
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	3-4
e-ISSN	19389728
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-10-06
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Item response theory Symptom validity Person fit Psychological screening inventory-2 Law and Psychology Clinical Psychology Psychology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Law Psychiatry and Mental Health

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