NDLI: Biodiesel Production via Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Using Sulphonated Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid Acid Catalyst: Process Study, Catalyst Reusability and Kinetic Study

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BioEnergy Research : Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2015

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Biodiesel Production via Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Using Sulphonated Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid Acid Catalyst: Process Study, Catalyst Reusability and Kinetic Study

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Shuit, Siew Hoong Tan, Soon Huat
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	This study reports on biodiesel production via the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using sulphonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (s-MWCNTs) as a catalyst. The process parameters studied included the methanol-to-PFAD ratio (8–30), catalyst loading (1–3 wt%), reaction temperature (80–200 °C) and reaction time (1–5 h). A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 93.5 % was obtained at a methanol-to-PFAD ratio of 20, catalyst loading of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 170 °C and reaction time of 2 h. The s-MWCNTs exhibited good catalytic activity, with a FAME yield higher than 75 % even after five repeated runs. Moreover, the regeneration of the spent s-MWCNTs (after five runs) with sulphuric acid was able to restore the catalytic activity to its original level. The catalyst stability and activity were enhanced by acid regeneration to achieve a FAME yield of 86.2 %, even at the fifth cycle of reaction after acid regeneration. A pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model for the esterification of PFAD with methanol using s-MWCNTs as a catalyst was then developed based on the experimental results. The pre-exponential factor, molar heat and activation energy for the esterification were found to be 1.9 × 10$^{2}$ L mol$^{−1}$ min$^{−1}$, 84.1 kJ mol$^{−1}$ and 45.8 kJ mol$^{−1}$, respectively.
Starting Page	605
Ending Page	617
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19391234
Journal	BioEnergy Research
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	19391242
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2014-10-21
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Heterogeneous esterification Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) Sulphonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes Kinetic model Acid regeneration Plant Sciences Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Ecology Wood Science & Technology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Agronomy and Crop Science

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