NDLI: Characteristic Studies on the Pyrolysis Products from Hydrolyzed Canadian Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Nanda, Sonil Azargohar, Ramin Kozinski, Janusz A. Dalai, Ajay K.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Lignocellulosic feedstocks are utilized for the production of fuel ethanol and butanol through dilute acid/enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Hydrolysis residue, a major by-product of biomass hydrolysis, is rich in recalcitrant carbon as majority of cellulosic and hemicellulosic components are released during pretreatment. With the intention of their effective utilization, hydrolysis residues from forestry (pinewood), energy crop system (timothy grass), and agriculture (wheat straw) were pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor at 600 °C with slow heating rate of 5 °C/min for 4 h. In order to understand the product (biochar, bio-oil, and gases) properties and advocate their energy and environmental values, chemical characterizations such as carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen–sulfur analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, pH, electrical conductivity, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed. The yield of biochar, bio-oil and gases was 38.9–41.7, 18.6–22.3, and 24.9–28.8 wt%, respectively. The high pH and electrical conductivity of biochars with substantial amounts of Na, Mg, K, and Ca indicated their alkaline and saline nature, which would necessitate proper agronomical soil applications. Variable intensities of C–C, C–H, C–O, O–H, and C–N functional groups were detected in the FTIR spectra of residues, biochars, and bio-oils. Raman spectroscopy showed the development of graphite (1,580–1,610 cm$^{−1}$) and defect (1,325–1,380 cm$^{−1}$) carbon structures in biochars. $^{1}$H NMR of bio-oils indicated aromatics, olefinics, and aliphatics, whereas $^{13}$C NMR indicated carbonyls, aromatics, carbohydrates, alkyls, methoxy, and hydroxy carbon. GC studies of pyrolysis gases identified chiefly H$_{2}$ and CO with traces of CH$_{4}$, CO$_{2}$, and C$_{2}$+ components.
Starting Page	174
Ending Page	191
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19391234
Journal	BioEnergy Research
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	19391242
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2013-07-28
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Lignocellulose Hydrolysis residue Pyrolysis Biochar Bio-oil Pyrolysis gas Plant Sciences Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Ecology Wood Science & Technology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Agronomy and Crop Science

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