NDLI: NMR Characterization of C3H and HCT Down-Regulated Alfalfa Lignin

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NMR Characterization of C3H and HCT Down-Regulated Alfalfa Lignin

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BioEnergy Research : Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2009

BioEnergy Research : Volume 2, Issue 1-2, June 2009

BioEnergy Research : Volume 1

NMR Characterization of C3H and HCT Down-Regulated Alfalfa Lignin

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pu, Yunqiao Chen, Fang Ziebell, Angela Davison, Brian H. Ragauskas, Arthur J.
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Independent down-regulation of genes encoding p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) and hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) has been previously shown to reduce the recalcitrance of alfalfa and thereby improve the release of fermentable sugars during enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, ball-milled lignins were isolated from wild-type control, C3H, and HCT gene down-regulated alfalfa plants. One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were utilized to determine structural changes in the ball-milled alfalfa lignins resulting from this genetic engineering. After C3H and HCT gene down-regulation, significant structural changes had occurred to the alfalfa ball-milled lignins compared to the wild-type control. A substantial increase in p-hydroxyphenyl units was observed in the transgenic alfalfa ball-milled lignins as well as a concomitant decrease in guaiacyl and syringyl units. Two-dimensional $^{13}$C–$^{1}$H heteronuclear single quantum coherence correlation NMR, one-dimensional distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer-135, and $^{13}$C NMR measurement showed a noteworthy decrease in methoxyl group and β-O-4 linkage contents in these transgenic alfalfa lignins. $^{13}$C NMR analysis estimated that C3H gene down-regulation reduced the methoxyl content by ~55–58% in the ball-milled lignin, while HCT down-regulation decreased methoxyl content by ~73%. The gene down-regulated C3H and HCT transgenic alfalfa lignin was largely a p-hydroxyphenyl (H) rich type lignin. Compared to the wild-type plant, the C3H and HCT transgenic lines had an increase in relative abundance of phenylcoumaran and resinol in the ball-milled lignins.
Starting Page	198
Ending Page	208
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19391234
Journal	BioEnergy Research
Volume Number	2
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	19391242
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-10-20
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Alfalfa Gene down-regulation Lignin structure NMR p-Hydroxyphenyl Methoxyl β-O-4 linkage Wood Science & Technology Plant Ecology Plant Breeding/Biotechnology Plant Genetics & Genomics Plant Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Agronomy and Crop Science

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