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Indian Journal of Microbiology : Volume 47, Issue 3, September 2007

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Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Choudhary, Devendra K. Prakash, Anil Johri, B. N.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales (ranging from microscopic viruses to phytophagous insect). The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside Pseudomonas strains, ISR is conducted by Bacillus spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species B. amyloliquifaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B.sphaericus elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts.
Starting Page	289
Ending Page	297
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00468991
Journal	Indian Journal of Microbiology
Volume Number	47
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	09737715
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2008-01-11
Publisher Institution	Association of Microbiologists of India
Publisher Place	India
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Induced systemic resistance SAR Signalling and expression Jasmonate and ethylene signalling Pathogenesis-related proteins Medical Microbiology Microbiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology

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